Experimental Study on Near-Limiting Burning Behavior of Thermoplastic Materials with Various Thicknesses Under Candle-Like Burning Configuration

Nakamura, Yuji; Kizawa, Koki; Mizuguchi, Shohei; Hosogai, Aki; Wakatsuki, Kaoru

doi:10.1007/s10694-016-0567-5

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since the residence time of the combustion gases in the reaction zone could basically be longer under microgravity than under normal gravity due to the absence of the buoyancy-induced flow, a microgravity Although the effects of the LDPE melting, dripping, and deformation on the flame spread and its limits are hard to quantify, there were clear differences in the behaviors observed under normal gravity and microgravity since dripping and deformation are results of gravity. Their impact on the flame spread over thermoplastic materials has been examined by several previous works and the effect of fuel type, size, and orientation and the surrounding ambient conditions have also been discussed [12,13,20,[44][45][46][47]. The change of the dripping behavior associated with that of the gravity condition would have a non-negligible effect on the difference in the flame spread limits between normal gravity and microgravity because it not only carries away the enthalpy from the downstream burning region but also transports energy to the upstream unburned area.…”

Section: Flame Spread Under Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposed-Flow Flame Spread and Extinction in Electric Wires: The Effects of Gravity, External Radiant Heat Flux, and Wire Characteristics on Wire Flammability

et al. 2019

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Combustion of electric wires is the most probable cause of fire in human space activities. Therefore, the fire performance of electric wires in microgravity conditions must be thoroughly analyzed. This study investigates the opposed-flow flame spread and its limits in electric wires preheated by external radiation, under both normal gravity and microgravity, to understand their fire performance when exposed to external heat sources in such gravity conditions. The experiments were performed on low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-insulated copper (Cu) wires having an outer diameter of 4 mm and differing in core diameter (2.5 and 0.7 mm, corresponding to insulation thicknesses of 0.75 and 1.65 mm, respectively). Both standard and black LDPE insulations were used to study the effect of radiation absorption on the wire preheating and subsequent flame spread. The comparison of the flame spread limits revealed that the wire with the thicker Cu core was less flammable under both normal gravity and microgravity; in particular, its flammability further decreased in the case of microgravity, in contrast with thinner electric wires (~1 mm outer diameter), which exhibited higher flammability in the same gravity condition. These results suggest that different mechanisms, for thicker and thinner wires, determining the critical conditions to sustain flame spread under microgravity. This study provides valuable information about the fire performance of electric wires in space gravity.

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Section: Flame Spread Under Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposed-Flow Flame Spread and Extinction in Electric Wires: The Effects of Gravity, External Radiant Heat Flux, and Wire Characteristics on Wire Flammability

et al. 2019

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“…There are several experimental studies addressing the dripping phenomena during wire fires 2 , 4 – 6 and façade fires 7 , 8 as well as the standard tests like UL 94 9 , 10 and ASTM D2863 11 , 12 . The size of drip and intensity of dripping depend on the polymer and the external heating 13 – 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Drip Size and Blue Flame Shedding of Dripping Ignition in Fire

Huang

2018

Sci Rep

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Dripping of molten fuels is a widely observed fire phenomenon, and, by igniting other fuels, it can promote fire spread and increase fire hazards. In this work, dripping phenomena from fires of horizontally oriented wires, coated with polyethylene (PE), are investigated in the laboratory. It is found that as long as a flame is attached to the drip, thin tissue paper can be ignited by a single drip. Below a minimum diameter (Dmin = 0.63 mm), the drip floats up. Above a critical diameter (Dcrt = 2.3 mm), a flame can remain attached to the drip and ignite tissue paper as it falls through a distance of at least 2.6 m, thereby posing a significant fire hazard. A falling burning drip appears to the eye to be a blue chain of flame as a result of persistence of vision. Photographic evidence identifies a flame-shedding process, most likely associated with continual sequential ignition of fuel vapor within a von Karman vortex street generated behind the falling burning drip. The frequency of flame shedding agrees with both the frequency of modeled vortex shedding and the frequency of the unexpected sound that is heard during the process. This is the first time that combustion characteristics of dripping fire phenomena have been studied in detail, and this helps to better evaluate the risk and hazards of wire and façade fires.

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“…Nakamura et al . [11] describe fundamental burning behaviors of thermoplastic materials using laboratory scale experiments. Such fundamental burning behavior has wide range applicability to various aspects of fire safety science.…”

Section: Large Outdoor Fires (Lof)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Issue on Operation Tomodachi—Fire Research

Manzello

Suzuki

2016

Fire Technol

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. Due to the success of the kickoff meeting, EL-NIST signed a Statement of Intent with JAFSE to hold two workshops, the first held in Tokyo in 2012 (see Manzello et al. [1] for a summary of that workshop), and the second on March 16-18, 2015. The objective of the relationship was to: (1) develop scientific knowledge and translate it to building codes and standards that will be of use to both countries to reduce the devastation caused by unwanted fires, (2) provide a forum for next generation researchers to present their work in order to develop research collaborations, (3) and allow participants a chance to visit.To this end, oral presentations were focused on two topics: large outdoor fires (LOF) and fire-structure interaction (FSI). Justifications on why these two topics were chosen are provided elsewhere [1]. In addition, poster sessions were held in the areas of LOF and FSI, as well as two general fire safety science poster sessions. All of the presentations were documented in a recent NIST Special Publication 1189 [2]. These presentations provide a flavor of some of state of the art research in LOF and FSI ongoing in both countries. 21 papers were submitted to the special issue, and 12 were accepted for publication.

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Experimental Study on Near-Limiting Burning Behavior of Thermoplastic Materials with Various Thicknesses Under Candle-Like Burning Configuration

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Opposed-Flow Flame Spread and Extinction in Electric Wires: The Effects of Gravity, External Radiant Heat Flux, and Wire Characteristics on Wire Flammability

Opposed-Flow Flame Spread and Extinction in Electric Wires: The Effects of Gravity, External Radiant Heat Flux, and Wire Characteristics on Wire Flammability

Critical Drip Size and Blue Flame Shedding of Dripping Ignition in Fire

Special Issue on Operation Tomodachi—Fire Research

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