Experimental study on performance of membrane humidifiers with different configurations and operating conditions for PEM fuel cells

Houreh, Nasser Baharlou; Ghaedamini, M.; Shokouhmand, Hossein; Afshari, Ebrahim; Ahmaditaba, A.H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.017

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Under atmospheric pressure, air can be broken down to form a stable plasma, but the red-hot phenomenon of the electrodes would occur quickly due to its inability to dissipate heat efficiently (Figure 1c-II), which is similar to SCGD. 45 It was reported that this red-hot phenomenon would affect the stable operation of plasma and also the measurement results. Interestingly, in case of MUN for sample introduction, the generated aerosol and air flow can pass through the Ti electrodes quickly to take away heat; consequently, it significantly weakened the red-hot phenomenon and the electrodes can sustain plasma for a long time.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Portable Method for Serum Lithium Measurement Based on Low-Cost Miniaturized Ultrasonic Nebulization Coupled with Atmospheric-Pressure Air-Sustained Discharge

et al. 2021

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An accurate, rapid but cheap, and portable method for monitoring of serum lithium (Li) is highly desirable for mental patients who take Li medicine for treatment. Conventional techniques are usually bulky, costly, and cannot provide on-site real-time measurements. Herein, a miniaturized, reliable, costeffective, and portable optical emission method for rapid and sensitive determination of serum Li was developed based on a combination of miniaturized ultrasonic nebulization (MUN) and a low-power (≈22 W) atmospheric-pressure air-sustained discharge (APAD) excitation source. The proposed method eliminates the use of any compressed gas or pump and can achieve serum Li detection within 40 s with low sample consumption (less than 20 μL serum). Except for dilution with water, no extra treatment is needed for serum Li analysis by MUN-APAD-OES. In addition, it offers a significant advantage of good tolerance to the coexisting high concentration of Na, K, Ca, and Mg, which is in contrast with the obvious matrix effect encountered in conventional inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Different operating parameters affecting the performance of MUN-APAD-OES were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of Li (670.8 nm) was calculated to be 0.6 μg L −1 (6 μg L −1 in serum). Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of two certified reference materials (Seronorm serum L-1 and L-2 RUO), six real human serum samples, and eight real animal serum samples. All of the results indicate that the low-cost and low-power MUN-APAD-OES provides a promising reliable method for on-site serum Li measurement and may also be extended to other elements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Portable Method for Serum Lithium Measurement Based on Low-Cost Miniaturized Ultrasonic Nebulization Coupled with Atmospheric-Pressure Air-Sustained Discharge

et al. 2021

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“…A humidifier is indispensable to ensure that the fuel cell maintains adequate levels of humidity during regular operation [1][2][3][4][5]. The majority of automotive fuel cell systems adopt an external humidifier that provides precise control over the humidity and temperature of the reactant gases [6]. This strategy not only improves fuel cell performance but also prolongs its lifespan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Vapor Transport Measurement in a Hollow Fiber Membrane Humidifier

Nguyen,

Choi,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

IJHT

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The uncertainty analysis of moisture measurements in the hollow fiber membrane was conducted in this study to ensure the reliability of a design for membrane humidifiers. As moisture is pivotal for proton exchange membrane fuel cell durability and performance, it is necessary to humidify the reactant gases. In vehicular fuel cells, membrane humidifiers have been implemented to regulate the water content levels of cathode air, thereby avoiding fuel cell operation limitations, particularly in high-temperature environments. Minimized error in measurements of water exchange is required to improve the effectiveness of shelltube membrane humidifier design. The uncertainty analysis was conducted through parametric experiments under isothermal conditions with varying conditional parameters, including temperature, pressure, and inlet relative humidity. The transport metric is represented by the vapor transfer rate from wet to dry air through the membrane, which is affected by the sensitivity of the corresponding operating parameters and sensor reliability. Therefore, the error of each conditional (input) parameter and the overall error of the measured result (water transfer rate) were determined to evaluate the quality of measurements. From the analysis, the most sensitive factor was discovered to be the inlet relative humidity, with error increasing as temperature increased. The uncertainty of water transport measurements was highest at 90℃, amounting to 3.97%. Consequently, it can be concluded that the measurement of water transport in the membrane humidifier meets good reliability for further design and investigation.

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“…The channels with obstacles have a much lower pressure drop than the pin arrangement. In addition, obstacles help to better transport reactive gases to the GDL (Afshari and Houreh, 2014;Baharlou Houreh et al, 2020). In areas where activation loss is predominant, the design of the channel with Proton exchange membrane obstacles can increase the concentration of reactants in the active area (catalyst) and consequently increase the rate of electrochemical reactions, and as a result improving the performance of the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the stair arrangement of obstacles in the cathode channel

Baharlou-Houreh,

Masaeli,

Afshari

et al. 2023

HFF

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of partially blocking the cathode channel with the stair arrangement of obstacles on the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Design/methodology/approach A numerical study is conducted by developing a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. Findings As the angle of the stair arrangement increases, the performance of the fuel cell is reduced and the pressure drop is decreased. The use of four stair obstacles with an angle of 0.17° leads to higher power density and a lower pressure drop compared to the case with three rectangular obstacles of the same size and maximum height. The use of four stair obstacles with an angle of 0.34° results in higher power density and lower pressure drop compared to the case with two rectangular obstacles of the same size and maximum height. Originality/value Using the stair arrangement of obstacles as an innovation of the present work, in addition to improving the fuel cell’s performance, creates a lower pressure drop than the simple arrangement of obstacles.

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Experimental study on performance of membrane humidifiers with different configurations and operating conditions for PEM fuel cells

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Development of a Portable Method for Serum Lithium Measurement Based on Low-Cost Miniaturized Ultrasonic Nebulization Coupled with Atmospheric-Pressure Air-Sustained Discharge

Development of a Portable Method for Serum Lithium Measurement Based on Low-Cost Miniaturized Ultrasonic Nebulization Coupled with Atmospheric-Pressure Air-Sustained Discharge

Reliability of Vapor Transport Measurement in a Hollow Fiber Membrane Humidifier

Performance analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the stair arrangement of obstacles in the cathode channel

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