Experimental study on rocking blocks subjected to bidirectional ground and floor motions via shaking table tests

Abstract

To provide an insight for reliable seismic risk assessment of small building contents, the rocking response of freestanding wooden blocks subjected to 11 bidirectional horizontal ground motion records scaled to various intensity levels is investigated via shaking table tests. Three prisms and three cylinders with slenderness ratios of 2, 3 and 4, and three prisms having the same slenderness ratio of 3 but different size parameters of 158 mm, 237 mm and 316 mm, are considered. The peak ground acceleration statistics corresponding to rocking and overturning of the blocks are obtained. Shaking table tests to investigate the rocking response of the prisms located on different floors of a full-scale three-story reinforced concrete frame structure were also conducted. Experimental fragility curves corresponding to rocking and overturning occurrence of the blocks are finally generated. The experimental results highlight that the minimum rocking accelerations are different for the prisms with the same slenderness ratio but different sizes. Moreover, compared with the prism on the ground, the prism on the top floor has significantly higher rocking demand, while the prism on the second floor may have lower rocking demand. Furthermore, the cylinder has higher rocking and overturning fragility than the prism with the same height and width. The rocking and overturning fragility increases as the block becomes slenderer or smaller. The proposed critical rocking acceleration under bidirectional seismic excitation in real conditions is a half of the theoretical one under unidirectional excitation. K E Y W O R D Sbidirectional ground and floor motions, freestanding blocks, rocking and overturning, seismic fragility, shaking table tests INTRODUCTIONFreestanding slender building contents, such as museum collections, showcases, electrical equipment and hospital devices, usually rock or overturn even during earthquakes of low to moderate intensity levels. The financial or cultural loss due to seismic damage of these contents is often more significant than that of the structural members. It is essential

Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of the Seismic Response of Rigid Rocking Blocks

“…In contrast to fixed-base structural systems, whose seismic response is primarily governed by the dissipative energy process occurring at predefined locations through damage, free-standing structures' rocking response results in diminished structural damage, owing to the presence of negative post-uplift stiffness [2]. Apart from large-scale structures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], non-structural elements within buildings may also uplift and rock [14][15][16] in response to floor accelerations [17,18].…”