Experimental Study on Sessile Droplet Freezing on a Cold Surface in Low Atmospheric Pressure

Shape and Temperature Dependence on the Directional Velocity Change in a Freezing Water Droplet

“…Starostin et al for example studied the opening angle of the freezing cone for droplets on horizontal, inclined and upside-down surfaces coated in different oils [9], and on wedges of different materials with non-uniform temperature fields [10]. It has furthermore been observed that the substrate temperature [11][12][13], material and micro/nano-structures on the substrate [14,15], inclination of the substrate [11,16] and wettability of the substrate i.e., hydrophilic or hydrophobic [16][17][18][19], influence the freezing process. It contact surface area was similar for the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces also the freezing time was similar.…”