“…It is closely related to 2 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering many phenomena, including packing [15,16], avalanching [17,18], and segregation and stratification [19][20][21], and it is therefore a research focus in recent years. The angle of repose, as a basic characteristic of granular materials in nature, has been indicated varying from 25 ∘ for smooth particles to 45 ∘ for irregular particles [9,22,23]. Currently, The literature reported that angle of repose was closely related to physical properties of granular materials such as particle shape and size [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and materials properties such as shear modulus and particle moisture content and friction coefficients [12,[31][32][33].…”