Experimental study on the breakdown mechanism of high temperature granite induced by liquid nitrogen fracturing: An implication to geothermal reservoirs

Cai, Chengzheng; Zou, Zengxin; Ren, Keda; Tao, Zhixiang; Feng, Yinrong; Yang, Yugui; Wang, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19257

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Zhang et al [56] found that with the increase in the initial rock temperature, the rock breaking volume and depth increased, and there was a key temperature range that promoted the sudden failure of granite: when the temperature difference was 450 • C, only weak damage occurred; when the temperature difference reached 670 • C, the rock mass quickly broke into two halves. Cai et al [57] analyzed the breakdown pressure and fracture morphology of high-temperature granite at different heating temperatures. The results showed that the breakdown pressure of the granite decreased with the increase in the temperature gradient, and the failure mode was mainly tensile fracture.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature Difference On Lnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Model Analysis of Ultralow-Temperature Fluid Fracturing in Low-Permeability Reservoir: Insights from Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing

Wang,

Li,

Song

et al. 2024

Processes

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Ultralow-temperature fluids (such as liquid nitrogen, liquid CO2) are novel waterless fracturing technologies designed for dry, water-sensitive reservoirs. Due to their ultralow temperatures, high compression ratios, strong frost heaving forces, and low viscosities, they offer a solution for enhancing the fracturing and permeability of low-permeability reservoirs. In this study, we focus on the combined effects of high-pressure fluid rock breaking, low-temperature freeze-thaw fracturing, and liquid-gas phase transformation expansion on coal-rock in low-permeability reservoirs during liquid nitrogen fracturing (LNF). We systematically analyze the factors that limit the LNF effectiveness, and we discuss the pore fracture process induced by low-temperature fracturing in coal-rock and its impact on the permeability. Based on this analysis, we propose a model and flow for fracturing low-permeability reservoirs with low-temperature fluids. The analysis suggests that the Leidenfrost effect and phase change after ultralow-temperature fluids enter the coal support the theoretical feasibility of high-pressure fluid rock breaking. The thermal impact and temperature exchange rate between the fluid and coal determine the temperature difference gradient, which directly affects the mismatch deformation and fracture development scale of different coal-rock structures. The low-temperature phase change coupling fracturing of ultralow-temperature fluids is the key to the formation of reservoir fracture networks. The coal-rock components, natural fissures, temperature difference gradients, and number of cycles are the key factors in low-temperature fracturing. In contrast to those in conventional hydraulic fracturing, the propagation and interaction of fractures under low-temperature conditions involve multifield coupling and synergistic temperature, fluid flow, fracture development, and stress distribution processes. The key factors determining the feasibility of the large-scale application of ultralow-temperature fluid fracturing in the future are the reconstruction of fracture networks and the enhancement of the permeability response in low-permeability reservoirs. Based on these considerations, we propose a model and process for LNF in low-permeability reservoirs. The research findings presented herein provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for understanding waterless fracturing mechanisms in deep reservoirs.

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Section: Effect Of Temperature Difference On Lnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Model Analysis of Ultralow-Temperature Fluid Fracturing in Low-Permeability Reservoir: Insights from Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing

Wang,

Li,

Song

et al. 2024

Processes

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show abstract

“…When the temperature difference is 450 °C, only weak damage occurs. When the temperature difference reaches 670 °C, the rock mass will quickly break into two halves; Cai et al [23] analyzed the breakdown pressure and fracture morphology of high temperature granite at different heating temperatures. The results showed that the breakdown pressure of granite decreased with the increase of temperature gradient, and the failure mode was mainly tensile fracture; Based on the theory of trace elements and damage mechanics, Lin et al [24] established a thermodynamic damage model of coal; Li [25] found that the higher the initial temperature of the coal sample, the greater the deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of the coal sample, and the shorter the macroscopic failure cycle; Yan et al [26] found that the prefabrication temperature of coal is positively correlated with its surface fracture propagation and internal damage; Some scholars have found that the thermal shock effect of LN 2 is selective in coal with different metamorphic degrees, and the fracturing effect of low metamorphic and medium metamorphic coal is higher than that of high metamorphic coal [27].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature Difference Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Influencing Factors on the Effectiveness of Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing Technology

Wang

2024

AJST

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Liquid nitrogen fracturing technology is a new fracturing and permeability enhancement technology for reservoirs unsuitable for hydraulic fracturing, and its ultralow temperature, high compression ratio, high freezing and expansion force, and low viscosity characteristics are expected to provide a program for fracturing and permeability enhancement in low-permeability reservoirs. The paper systematically analyzes the influencing factors restricting the effect of liquid nitrogen fracturing, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient and environmentally friendly exploitation of low-permeability oil and gas fields.

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Laboratory investigation on physical and mechanical behaviors of granite after heating and different cooling rates

Li,

Sun,

Peng

et al. 2024

Energy

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Experimental study on the breakdown mechanism of high temperature granite induced by liquid nitrogen fracturing: An implication to geothermal reservoirs

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Mechanism and Model Analysis of Ultralow-Temperature Fluid Fracturing in Low-Permeability Reservoir: Insights from Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing

Mechanism and Model Analysis of Ultralow-Temperature Fluid Fracturing in Low-Permeability Reservoir: Insights from Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing

Study on the Influencing Factors on the Effectiveness of Liquid Nitrogen Fracturing Technology

Laboratory investigation on physical and mechanical behaviors of granite after heating and different cooling rates

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