High-salinity organic waste liquid is one of the important industrial pollution sources and the main by-product of petrochemical enterprises in China. Incineration is the mainstream technology for treating this kind of waste liquid. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of a practical 18t/h waste liquid incinerator was carried out using Fluent. The velocity, temperature, component concentration and particle trajectory distribution in the incinerator were obtained, proposing a corresponding incinerator performance optimization scheme according to the simulation results. The results demonstrate that the numerical combustion model established in this paper can accurately simulate the distribution of flow, combustion and heat transfer in the incinerator, verifying the reliability of the numerical model; The overall temperature and flow field organization of this type of waste liquid incinerator is relatively reasonable, with heat exchange reported only in the flue corner and some heat exchange surfaces. The flow field and temperature field distribution in the incinerator can be effectively modified so as to improve the boiler operation and maintenance cycle by optimizing the corner flow line and furnace structure.