Experimental study on the effect of storage conditions on thermal stability of nitrocellulose

Chai, Hua; Duan, Qiangling; Cao, Huiqi; Mi, Li; Qi, Kaixuan; Sun, Jinhua; Yang, Xiaoli

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115871

Cited by 21 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Nitrocellulose (NC) is the most commonly used binder resin for flexible plastic packaging printing inks due to its low price and high gloss [44]. However, NC is vulnerable to thermal degradation starting at 160-185 • C, producing CO 2 and NO 2 , resulting in a brownish color, porosity, and odor in the recyclates [45][46][47][48][49]. Additionally, some organic pigments were also reported to be thermally unstable under mechanical recycling processes, such as pigment PR 146 and pigment PY 13 [50].…”

Section: Printing Ink As a Source Of Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening the Impact of Surfactants and Reaction Conditions on the De-Inkability of Different Printing Ink Systems for Plastic Packaging

Guo,

Luo,

Wittkowski

et al. 2023

Polymers

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One of the major applications (40% in Europe) of plastic is packaging, which is often printed to display required information and to deliver an attractive aesthetic for marketing purposes. However, printing ink can cause contamination in the mechanical recycling process. To mitigate this issue, the use of surfactants in an alkaline washing process, known as de-inking, has been employed to remove printing ink and improve the quality of recyclates. Despite the existence of this technology, there are currently no data linking the de-inking efficiency with typical printing ink compositions. Additionally, it is necessary to investigate the de-inking process under the process parameters of existing recycling plants, including temperature, NaOH concentration, and retention time. This study aims to evaluate the performance of commonly used printing inks with different compositions under various washing scenarios for plastic recycling in conjunction with different de-inking detergents containing surfactants or mixtures of surfactants. The results indicate that the pigments applied to the ink have no significant effect on the de-inking process, except for carbon black (PBk 7). Nitrocellulose (NC) binder systems exhibit high de-inkability (over 95%) under the condition of 55 °C and 1 wt.% NaOH. However, crosslinked binder systems can impede the de-inking effect, whether used as a binder system or as an overprint varnish (OPV). The de-inking process requires heating to 55 °C with 1 wt.% NaOH to achieve a substantial effect. Based on the findings in this work, breaking the Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds between the printing ink and plastic film is an essential step to achieve the de-inking effect. Further research is needed to understand the interaction between surfactants and printing inks, enabling the development of de-inkable printing inks and high-performance surfactants that allow for de-inking with less energy consumption. The surfactant and NaOH have a synergistic effect in cleaning the printing ink. NaOH provides a negative surface charge for the adsorption of the cationic head of the surfactant and can hydrolyze the covalent bonds at higher concentrations (>2 wt.%).

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Section: Printing Ink As a Source Of Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening the Impact of Surfactants and Reaction Conditions on the De-Inkability of Different Printing Ink Systems for Plastic Packaging

Guo,

Luo,

Wittkowski

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Sıcaklığa ilave olarak nem, titreşim ortamı uygulanarak da hızlı yaşlandırma işlemi yapılmaktadır. Literatür araştırıldığında nitroselülozun farklı ortam koşullarındaki davranışın araştırıldığı sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya ulaşılmaktadır (Chaia et al 2020;Kaur et al 2021;Li et al 2021;Courty et al 2021;Mattar et al 2020;Ergun 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nitroselüloz Bazlı Yakıtların Depolama Ömürlerine Ortam Koşullarının Etkisinin İncelenmesi

ÇAĞLAYAN¹,

Pul

Metin

2023

IJERAD

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Bu çalışmanın konusu olan mühimmatlara ait yakıtlar her türlü iklim koşullarına (titreşim, alçak ve yüksek rakım, hava araçlarında yüksek irtifa, aşırı sıcaklık, nem vb.) maruz kalmaktadır. Bu sebeple üretim sonrası verilen depolama ömrünü daha kısa sürede tamamlamakta ve kendiliğinden infilak edebilmektedir. Bu maksatla çift bazlı yakıtın maruz kaldığı çevresel etkileri simüle edilebilmesi için üç farklı sıcaklıkta (60C-70C-80C) ve %60 nem koşulları sağlanarak hızlı yaşlandırma işlemi uygulanmıştır. Yaşlandırma işlemi tamamlanan yakıtın fiziksel ve kimyasal değişimleri gözlemlenerek çeşitli testler uygulanmıştır. Stabilizör miktarı tayini testi sonucunda stabilizör miktarının minimum % 0,2 w/w değerinin altına düştüğü, hızlı yaşlanma etkisi ile stabilizör miktarının azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Nem tayini testinde nem miktarının maksimum %0,6 değerini aşmadığı, kalori değeri ölçümü testinde kalori değerinin 836-864 cal/g değerleri arasında kaldığı, ısı akış kalorimetresi (HFC) ile yapılan kararlılık testinde ısı akış miktarının maksimum 114 µw/g değerini aşmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. SEM mikroskobu ile yakıtların yapısı görüntülenerek doğal yaşlanma ve hızlı yaşlandırma işlemleri sonrasında yakıtta meydana gelen değişimler gözlenmiştir. FTIR spektrumları alınarak doğal yaşlanmış ve hızlı yaşlandırılmış yakıt içinde meydana gelen kimyasal değişimler incelenmiştir.

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Preparation and thermal performance of nitrocellulose coated by polydopamine

Zhao

Fan

Ding

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The existing stabilizers for nitrocellulose (NC) have various disadvantages of harming human health and polluting the environment, which does not meet the requirements of “green” propellants. This research work investigates the self‐polymerization of dopamine to prepare polydopamine (PDA) coated NC composites, and explores the effects of PDA on the thermal stability of NC. SEM, FT‐IR, and RAMAN were applied to investigate the changes of NC surface morphology and chemical structure. The results show that PDA is effectively coated on the NC surface and form a dense PDA film. The thermal decomposition behavior of NC was studied by TG and DSC, and the thermal decomposition activation energy was calculated. The results showed that the thermal stability of the physical mixture did not improve. The thermal stability of the complex increases first and then decreases with increasing of the concentration of dopamine hydrochloride. The optimal reaction conditions are that the concentration of dopamine hydrochloride is 3 g/L and the reaction time is 24 h. The thermal decomposition activation energy of the sample under the optimal conditions is 190.00 kJ/mol, 8.91% higher than that of NC (174.45 kJ/mol), which proves that PDA has the ability to improve the thermal stability of NC.

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Experimental study on the effect of storage conditions on thermal stability of nitrocellulose

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Screening the Impact of Surfactants and Reaction Conditions on the De-Inkability of Different Printing Ink Systems for Plastic Packaging

Screening the Impact of Surfactants and Reaction Conditions on the De-Inkability of Different Printing Ink Systems for Plastic Packaging

Nitroselüloz Bazlı Yakıtların Depolama Ömürlerine Ortam Koşullarının Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Preparation and thermal performance of nitrocellulose coated by polydopamine

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