Experimental Study on the Performance of an Innovative Tide-Induced Device for Artificial Downwelling

Fan, Wei; Pan, Dongdong; Xiao, Canbo; Lin, Tiancheng; Pan, Yiwen; Chen, Ying

doi:10.3390/su11195268

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Artificial reef habitats are commonly deployed to restore some of the functioning of degraded habitats in coastal areas (Lemoine et al, 2019). Engineering devices have been proposed with artificial reefs to alleviate local hypoxia, like generating artificial downwelling flow and regionally changing hydrodynamic conditions (Fan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of habitat usage on hypoxia avoidance behavior and exposure in reef-dependent marine coastal species

Fang²,

Rose³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Reef habitat in coastal ecosystems is increasingly being augmented with artificial reefs (ARs) and is simultaneously experiencing increasing hypoxia due to eutrophication and climate change. Relatively little is known about the effects of hypoxia on organisms that use complex habitat arrangements and how the presence of highly preferred AR habitat can affect the exposure of organisms to low dissolved oxygen (DO). We performed two laboratory experiments that used video recording of behavioral movement to explore 1) habitat usage and staying duration of individuals continuously exposed to 3, 5, and 7 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO) in a complex of multiple preferred and avoided habitat types, and 2) the impact of ARs on exposure to different DO concentrations under a series of two-way replicated choice experiments with or without AR placement on the low-oxygen side. Six common reef-dependent species found in the northeastern sea areas of China were used (i.e., rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and Hexagrammos otakii, filefish Thamnaconus modestus, flatfish Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, and crab Charybdis japonica). Results showed that lower DO levels decreased the usage of preferred habitats of the sea cucumber and the habitat-generalist filefish but increased the habitat affinity to preferred habitat types for the two habitat-specific rockfishes. Low DO had no effect on the crab’s habitat usage. In the choice experiment, all three fish species avoided 1 mg/L, and the rockfish S. schlegelii continued to avoid the lower DO when given choices involving pairs of 3, 5, and 7 mg/L, while H. otakii and the flatfish showed less avoidance. The availability of ARs affected exposure to low DO for the habitat-preferring rockfishes but was not significant for the flatfish. This study provides information for assessing the ecological effects and potential for adaptation through behavioral movement for key reef-dependent species under the increasing overlap of ARs and hypoxia anticipated in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of habitat usage on hypoxia avoidance behavior and exposure in reef-dependent marine coastal species

Fang²,

Rose³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Fan et al conducted another experiment to improve the current-induced pump in a two-layer stratified flume at the Hydraulics Laboratory at Zhejiang University, China (2019). As Figure 6 shows [54], the tube was designed to have a square cross-section of PVC material, and the mathematical relationship between the downwelling flow rate and the tidal current velocity, the equivalent diameter radius, the bend radius of the pipe, and the density difference was subsequently proven [69].…”

Section: Laboratory Experiments Of the Tidal Pump Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Artificial Downwelling for Mitigating Hypoxia in Coastal Waters

Liu

Zhao

Xiao

et al. 2020

Water

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Hypoxia is becoming a serious problem in coastal waters in many parts of the world. Artificial downwelling, which is one of the geoengineering-based adaptation options, was suggested as an effective means of mitigating hypoxia in coastal waters. Artificial downwelling powered by green energy, such as solar, wind, wave, or tidal energy, can develop a compensatory downward flow on a kilometer scale, which favors below-pycnocline ventilation and thus mitigates hypoxia in bottom water. In this paper, we review and assess the technical, numerical, and experimental aspects of artificial downwelling all over the world, as well as its potential environmental effects. Some basic principles are presented, and assessment and advice are provided for each category. Some suggestions for further field-based research on artificial downwelling, especially for long-term field research, are also given.

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Experimental study on parametric configurations of artificially downwelling aerations in stratified water

Tian,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Appl Water Sci

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Downwelling aeration has become a widely applied approach to cope with the water eutrophication in stratified reservoirs, rivers and lakes. The aeration parameters involving flow rate, flow locations and working periodicity and their impacts on the temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) distributions of water have been largely unclarified, causing extra time and energy consumptions in practice. In this study, a home-built water tank and an aeration pump are used to model the downwelling aeration processes in stratified water. Temporal influences of aeration parameters on the water stratifications and eutrophicated elements are systemically investigated, with the purpose of searching parametric configurations to enhance the anti-eutrophication efficiency. It is found that the variation rates of temperature destratification and DO distribution in the water body could be saturated and strongly correlated with the flow rate. Based on such experimental saturation rates, we find an optimized working condition from the aspect of energy saving: a 300 rpm pump speed and a 15 cm distance between the flow exit and the sediment surface. In such conditions, the total nitrogen and phosphorus dissolved in the bottom layer of water decrease exponentially with aeration time, and can be reduced by 53.8 and 86% in the first 6 h of aerations, respectively, taking full advantage of the microbial bonding to the sedimentations. The present work provides better understandings for efficient implementations of downwelling aerations.

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Experimental Study on the Performance of an Innovative Tide-Induced Device for Artificial Downwelling

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of habitat usage on hypoxia avoidance behavior and exposure in reef-dependent marine coastal species

Effects of habitat usage on hypoxia avoidance behavior and exposure in reef-dependent marine coastal species

Review of Artificial Downwelling for Mitigating Hypoxia in Coastal Waters

Experimental study on parametric configurations of artificially downwelling aerations in stratified water

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