Experimental study on the rate dependent strength of ice‐silica mixture with silica volume fractions up to 0.63

Yasui, Minami; Arakawa, Masahiko

doi:10.1029/2008gl033787

Cited by 17 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…In the case of ductile behavior, the sample deformed either like a barrel where the central section was bulged or like a foot where the upper or lower part was bulged. These features are similar to those described by Yasui and Arakawa [, ]. The cause of barrel/foot heterogeneity was unknown in this study and was independent of sample setting method and sample preparation method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unclear, however, is the critical transitional strain rate under constant sand content. The only existing such study for ice‐rock mixtures is that by Yasui and Arakawa []. They performed compression experiments on mixtures of ice‐1‐μm‐silica beads with silica volume fraction of 0 to 0.63, at constant strain rate from 9 × 10 −7 to 3 × 10 −3 s −1 and constant temperature from −25 to −10°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They performed compression experiments on mixtures of ice‐1‐μm‐silica beads with silica volume fraction of 0 to 0.63, at constant strain rate from 9 × 10 −7 to 3 × 10 −3 s −1 and constant temperature from −25 to −10°C. Yasui and Arakawa [] found that the critical transitional strain rates,

{\overset{false˙}{ε}}_{normalD true/ normalB}

, for high silica volume fractions of 0.29 and 0.63 were essentially the same, irrespective of silica volume fraction, and that it could be expressed as

{\dot{ε}}_{normalD true/ normalB} ([], {normals}^{- 1}) = A_{normalD true/ normalB} exp ((), - E_{normalD true/ normalB} true/ R^{'} T)

, where R ′ is the gas constant and T is the temperature and A D/B and E D/B are constants ( A D/B =1.62 × 10 15 s −1 and E D/B =95.6 kJ mol −1 ), giving

{\overset{falsė}{ε}}_{normalD true/ normalB} =

1.6 × 10 −4 s −1 at −10°C. However, they did not find the transitional strain rate for lower silica volume fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental studies on mechanical properties and ductile‐to‐brittle transition of ice‐silica mixtures: Young's modulus, compressive strength, and fracture toughness

2017

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We measured Young's modulus, fracture toughness, and compressive strength of ice and of ice‐0.25‐μm hard silica bead mixtures in controlled systematic experiments to determine the effect of silica on the ductile‐to‐brittle transition. Unconfined compressive strength was measured in a cold room at −10°C under a constant strain rate ranging from 10−5 to 6 × 10−1 s−1 of mixtures with silica volume fraction f of 0, 0.06, and 0.18. In the brittle regime, the compressive strength σpeak was a maximum at the transitional strain rate and then decreased with increasing strain rate. In the ductile regime, the σpeak increased exponentially with increasing strain rate trueε˙ as trueε˙=B∙σpeakn. The stress exponent n for f = 0.06 and 0.18 was ~6, twice as large as the value of pure ice, n ~ 3. The transitional strain rate increased with increasing silica volume fraction; 10−3–10−2 s−1 for pure ice, 10−2–10−1 s−1 for f = 0.06, and >6 × 10−1 s−1 for f = 0.18. Fracture toughness and Young's modulus were measured over the range 0 ≤ f ≤ 0.34. Fracture toughness scaled as f0.5, while Young's modulus increased linearly with f. Finally, a theoretical model of the transitional strain rate proposed by Schulson (1990) and Renshaw and Schulson (2001) was compared to the measured transitional strain rates. Model predictions were in accord with measured transitional strain rates for pure ice but somewhat higher than observed for ice‐silica mixtures. Large model uncertainty was due to high sensitivity of the transitional strain rate to the stress exponent n.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

{\overset{false˙}{ε}}_{normalD true/ normalB}

, for high silica volume fractions of 0.29 and 0.63 were essentially the same, irrespective of silica volume fraction, and that it could be expressed as

{\dot{ε}}_{normalD true/ normalB} ([], {normals}^{- 1}) = A_{normalD true/ normalB} exp ((), - E_{normalD true/ normalB} true/ R^{'} T)

, where R ′ is the gas constant and T is the temperature and A D/B and E D/B are constants ( A D/B =1.62 × 10 15 s −1 and E D/B =95.6 kJ mol −1 ), giving

{\overset{falsė}{ε}}_{normalD true/ normalB} =

1.6 × 10 −4 s −1 at −10°C. However, they did not find the transitional strain rate for lower silica volume fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental studies on mechanical properties and ductile‐to‐brittle transition of ice‐silica mixtures: Young's modulus, compressive strength, and fracture toughness

2017

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“…Recent studies have explored the brittle-to-ductile transition of sand-rich mixtures, with application to very near-surface planetary features [Mangold et al, 2002;Yasui and Arakawa, 2008]. The present study, however, represents the first comprehensive mapping of the boundary between ductility and complete immobility in sand/ice mixtures at conditions relevant to planetary settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mobility of icy sand packs, with application to Martian permafrost

Durham¹,

Pathare²,

Stern³

et al. 2009

Geophysical Research Letters

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The physical state of water on Mars has fundamental ramifications for both climatology and astrobiology. The widespread presence of “softened” Martian landforms (such as impact craters) can be attributed to viscous creep of subsurface ground ice. We present laboratory experiments designed to determine the minimum amount of ice necessary to mobilize topography within Martian permafrost. Our results show that the jammed‐to‐mobile transition of icy sand packs neither occurs at fixed ice content nor is dependent on temperature or stress, but instead correlates strongly with the maximum dry packing density of the sand component. Viscosity also changes rapidly near the mobility transition. The results suggest a potentially lower minimum volatile inventory for the impact‐pulverized megaregolith of Mars. Furthermore, the long‐term preservation of partially relaxed craters implies that the ice content of Martian permafrost has remained close to that at the mobility transition throughout Martian history.

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“…Some of these features, like lobate debris aprons, are theorized to have been formed by the viscous deformation of ice-rock mixture like rock glaciers on earth (Li et al, 2005). The rheology of ice-rock mixtures has been studied under terrestrial conditions for engineering purposes at low pressure and stress near melting point (Yasui and Arakawa, 2008;Mangold, 2003). However, experimental data on the rheology of ice-rock mixture under Martian physical conditions are sparse, and the amount of ground ice that is needed to produce the viscous deformation observed in Martian ice-related landforms is still under investigation (Durham et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel numerical analysis on the rheology of the martian ice-rock mixture

Jing

Zhang

et al. 2011

J. Earth Sci.

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The distribution and amount of ground ice on Mars is an important issue to be addressed for the future exploration of the planet. The occurrence of interstitial ice in Martian frozen ground is indicated by landforms, such as fluidized ejecta craters, softened terrain, and fretted channels. However, experimental data on the rheology of ice-rock mixture under Martian physical conditions are sparse, and the amount of ground ice that is required to produce the viscous deformation observed in Martian ice-related landforms is still unknown. In our study, we put forward a three-dimensional non-Newtonian viscous finite element model to investigate the behavior of ice-rock mixtures numerically. The randomly distributed tetrahedral elements are generated in regular domain to represent the natural distribution of ice-rock materials. Numerical simulation results show that when the volume of rock is less than 40%, the rheology of the mixture is dominated by ice, and there is occurrence of a brittle-ductile transition when ice fraction reaches a certain value. Our preliminary results contribute to the knowledge of the determination of the rheology and ice content in Martian ice-rock mixture. The presented model can also be utilized to evaluate the amount of ground ice on Mars.

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Experimental study on the rate dependent strength of ice‐silica mixture with silica volume fractions up to 0.63

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental studies on mechanical properties and ductile‐to‐brittle transition of ice‐silica mixtures: Young's modulus, compressive strength, and fracture toughness

Experimental studies on mechanical properties and ductile‐to‐brittle transition of ice‐silica mixtures: Young's modulus, compressive strength, and fracture toughness

Mobility of icy sand packs, with application to Martian permafrost

Parallel numerical analysis on the rheology of the martian ice-rock mixture

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