Experimental Study on the Thermal Infrared Spectral Variation of Fractured Rock

Huang, Jianwei; Liu, Shanjun; Liu, Wenfang; Zhang, Chunju; Li, Shuiping; Yu, Min; Wu, Lixin

doi:10.3390/rs13061191

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…An earthquake is a process during which the Earth's tectonic stress accumulates to a certain intensity, breaking through the critical value of rock elastic rupture and releasing energy quickly. Previous studies have shown that thermal infrared radiation (TIR) changes relative to stress in loaded rocks [20]. The results of mechanical rock loading and fracture tests show that the infrared radiation generated during rock failure exhibits a time series phase change with respect to microintensification-intensification-attenuationintensification-quietness synchronization [21][22][23], which provides a physical basis, monitoring content, and abnormal evaluation criteria for infrared remote sensing earthquake monitoring and prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Quasi-Synchronous Variations in the OLR of NOAA and Ionospheric Ne of CSES of Three Earthquakes in Xinjiang, January 2020

Yu,

Cui,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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The successive tidal force (TF) at the epicenter of the Jiashi M6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang, China, was calculated for the period from 13 December 2019 to 10 February 2020. With periodic changes in tide-generating forces, the variations in the electron density (Ne) data recorded by the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data provided by NOAA on a large scale at N25°–N55°, E65°–E135° were studied. The results show that (1) in the four cycles during which the TF changes from trough to peak, the earthquake occurred during one peak time when the OLR changed around the epicenter via calm–rise processions and in other similar TF phases, and neither an increase in the OLR nor earthquake occurred. (2) With a change in the TF, the spatiotemporal evolution of the OLR from seismogenic processes to its occurrence was as follows: microenhancement–enhancement–microattenuation–enhancement–calmness; this is consistent with the evolution of outward infrared radiation when rocks break under stress loading: microrupture–rupture–locking–accelerated rupture–rupture. (3) Ne increased significantly during the seismogenic period and was basically consistent with OLR enhancement. The results indicate that as the TF increases, the Earth’s stress accumulates at a critical point, and the OLR increases and transfers upward. The theoretical hypothesis underlying the conducted study is that the accumulated electrons on the surface cause negatively charged electrons in the atmosphere to move upward, resulting in an increase in ionospheric Ne near the epicenter, which reveals the homology of seismic stress variations in the spatial coupling process. The quasi-synchronous change process of these three factors suggests that the TF changed the process of the stress accumulation–imbalance in the interior structure of this earthquake and has the effect of triggering the earthquake, and the spatiotemporal variations in the OLR and ionospheric Ne could be indirect reflections of in situ stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Quasi-Synchronous Variations in the OLR of NOAA and Ionospheric Ne of CSES of Three Earthquakes in Xinjiang, January 2020

Yu,

Cui,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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“…to carry out research and tests with respect to the failure laws of stressed rocks at the laboratory scale and to identify reliable signals of failure precursors. Infrared thermal imaging is a nondestructive remote sensing monitoring technology [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] that has advantages in the study of rock failure processes and energy dissipation and release characteristics under load and has been widely used in rock failure warning systems. Shen et al [ 14 ], Cao et al [ 15 ], Wang et al [ 16 ], and Lai et al [ 17 ] proposed that spatial differentiation infrared thermal images, obvious turning of the average infrared radiation temperature curve, and the migration characteristics of abnormal regions of infrared radiation could be taken as the precursors of rock failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Infrared Radiation Characteristics of the Sandstone Damage Evolution Process

et al. 2023

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The mechanical characteristics and mechanisms of rock failure involve complex rock mass mechanics problems involving parameters such as energy concentration, storage, dissipation, and release. Therefore, it is important to select appropriate monitoring technologies to carry out relevant research. Fortunately, infrared thermal imaging monitoring technology has obvious advantages in the experimental study of rock failure processes and energy dissipation and release characteristics under load damage. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the theoretical relationship between the strain energy and infrared radiation information of sandstone and to reveal its fracture energy dissipation and disaster mechanism. In this study, an MTS electro-hydraulic servo press was used to carry out uniaxial loading experiments on sandstone. The characteristics of dissipated energy, elastic energy, and infrared radiation during the damage process of sandstone were studied using infrared thermal imaging technology. The results show that (1) the transition of sandstone loading from one stable state to another occurs in the form of an abrupt change. This sudden change is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of elastic energy release, dissipative energy surging, and infrared radiation count (IRC) surging, and it has the characteristics of a short duration and large amplitude variation. (2) With the increase in the elastic energy variation, the surge in the IRC of sandstone samples presents three different development stages, namely fluctuation (stage Ⅰ), steady rise (stage Ⅱ), and rapid rise (stage Ⅲ). (3) The more obvious the surge in the IRC, the greater the degree of local damage of the sandstone and the greater the range of the corresponding elastic energy change (or dissipation energy change). (4) A method of sandstone microcrack location and propagation pattern recognition based on infrared thermal imaging technology is proposed. This method can dynamically generate the distribution nephograph of tension-shear microcracks of the bearing rock and accurately evaluate the real-time process of rock damage evolution. Finally, this study can provide a theoretical basis for rock stability, safety monitoring, and early warning.

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“…Referring to the pioneering work of Geng et al (1992) and Wu et al (2000) in remote sensing rock mechanics (RSRM), the IRT change of stressed rock was investigated by many scholars (Wu et al, 2006a(Wu et al, , 2006bLiu et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2016;Salami et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2021;Zhao et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2019;Cao et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021) and applied to explore the rock fracturing behavior and related abnormal phenomenon. Wu et al (2006aWu et al ( , 2006b discovered that strong IRT emerged at the moment of rock bursting, and the anomalies of IRT image could be used as a precursor of rock fracturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Enhancement of Infrared Radiation Temperature of Rock Compressively Sheared to Fracturing Sliding: Features and Significance

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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Previous experiments indicated that infrared radiation temperature (IRT) was applied in monitoring rock stress or rock mass fracturing, and abnormal IRT phenomena preceding rock failure or tectonic earthquakes were frequently reported. However, the characteristics of IRT changing with rock fracturing and frictional sliding are not clear, which leaves much uncertainties of location and pattern identification of stress-produced IRT. In this study, we investigated carefully the localized IRT enhancement of rock compressively sheared to fracturing and sliding (named as CSFS) with marble and granite specimens. Infrared thermogram and visible photos were synchronously observed in the process of rock CSFS experiment. We revealed that localized IRT enhancement was determined by local stress locking, sheared fracturing, and frictional sliding, and the relations between the Kcv of IRT and the shear force are almost linear in wave length 3.7–4.8 μm. In the process of rock CSFS, the detected ΔIRT which resulted from thermoelastic effect is 0.418 K, while the detected ΔIRT resulted from friction effect reaches up to 10.372 K, which is about 25 times to the former. This study is of potential values for infrared detection of rock mass failure in engineering scale and satellite remote sensing of the seismogenic process in the regional scale.

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Experimental Study on the Thermal Infrared Spectral Variation of Fractured Rock

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Quasi-Synchronous Variations in the OLR of NOAA and Ionospheric Ne of CSES of Three Earthquakes in Xinjiang, January 2020

Quasi-Synchronous Variations in the OLR of NOAA and Ionospheric Ne of CSES of Three Earthquakes in Xinjiang, January 2020

Energy and Infrared Radiation Characteristics of the Sandstone Damage Evolution Process

Localized Enhancement of Infrared Radiation Temperature of Rock Compressively Sheared to Fracturing Sliding: Features and Significance

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