Experimental study to identify premonitory factors of landslide dam failures

Wang, Fawu; Dai, Zili; Okeke, Austin Chukwueloka; Mitani, Yasuhiro; Yang, Hufeng

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.11.020

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These dams should be investigated after within a short period of their formation for a risk reduction plan to be made for saving the life and property located downstream of it. A better understanding of premonitory factors, which can easily be measured or observed in actual landslide dams that are at high risk of failure, is important for disaster reduction (Wang et al 2018). A landslide dam that has not failed for more than one year could allow enough time for investigation, resulting in a high accuracy of prediction in comparison to those landslides that have a life span between two days and several months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the failure sequence of a dam can be divided into four periods: 1) the emerging of seepage water and front wetting, 2) the hyperconcentrated flow discharge, 3) the emergence and development of a dam crest and 4) the failure of a dam crest with a sharp increase in its subsidence (Wang et al 2018). The additional question is: What will be the conditions for the failure or stability of a landslide dam?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal erosion that is caused by flow along pre-existing openings, such as cracks in cohesive material or voids along with a contact between the soil-structures (Richards and Reddy 2007), has a higher possibility of occurrence in landslide dams because of their formation process. Erosion as the cause of landslide dam failure has previously been addressed by researchers (Wang et al 2018;Okeke and Wang 2016b;Richards and Reddy 2007). Unfortunately, this potential failure mode cannot be completely analysed using numerical formulae or models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situ, the turbidity of downstream water provides the rate of erosion from the dam material, which plays a direct role in the subsidence and stability of a dam in the presence of a seepage water flow. According to Wang et al (2018), the monitory factors remain unchanged at the initial stage as well as in the second stage; the turbidity and vertical displacement starts to slightly increase. Total suspended soils (TSS) also support to understand the erosion into the dam material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship among the premonitory factors of landslide dam failure caused by seepage: an experimental study

Dhungana

Wang

2019

Geoenviron Disasters

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Background: A landslide dam always has the potential for catastrophic failure with high risk for life, cost and, property damage at the downstream site. The formation of a landslide dam is a natural process; thus, minimizing the risk due to its failure is important. Landslide dam failure can be categorized into three types: seepage failure, overtopping and slope failure. As described by other researchers, the established premonitory factors of landslide dam failure are hydraulic gradients, seepage and turbidity as well as vertical displacement and inflow into the reservoir. Methodology: This study only considered seepage failure and used flume experiments to understand it. Three groups of samples which represented fine, medium and coarse particle sizes, respectively, were prepared by Silica sand S4, S5, S6 and S8 of different proportion. These samples were used to conduct the flume experiments of failure and not failure case. Result: For failure cases, it was found that GI samples have a higher hydraulic gradient and that the seepage water takes time to exit the dam body-however, the seepage water has more TSS. GII samples also had a higher hydraulic gradient, while the flow of seepage water was faster than that of the fine sample with a low TSS. For GIII samples, the hydraulic gradient was very low in comparison with the GI and GII samples. The GIII samples had TSS values that were quite a bit higher than those of the GII samples and lower than those of the GI samples. Experiments on GI samples failed at each attempt; however, the GI samples with kaolinite did not fail and had a higher TSS value. For a GII sample of a non-failed case, the hydraulic gradient was lower than for GI samples and the seepage water flow was faster but the vertical displacement was constant and TSS was on a decreasing order. For a GIII sample, the hydraulic gradient became constant after reaching its initial peak value and TSS was on a decreasing order with an initially increasing vertical displacement that would become constant. Conclusion: Seepage failure of a landslide dam can be predicted by understanding the nature of its premonitory factors. These factors behave differently in different particle size samples. The TSS trend line may be the initial factor for checking the stability of a dam crest. A landslide dam with an increasing TSS order will fail and a decreasing order may not fail. Based on all experiments, it can be concluded that the hydraulic gradient has three stages: 1) it starts to increase and reaches a peak value; 2) it starts to decrease from the peak value and reaches a minimum; and 3) it starts to increase again where the seepage water begins to come out and the vertical displacement starts to increase. Dam failures always occur when seepage water comes out with an increasing TSS and an increasing vertical displacement. Repeated experiments on samples having more fine particles show that if a landslide dam is formed by fine particles, then there would be a high chance of its failure. In case of a constant hydraulic ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The relationship among the premonitory factors of landslide dam failure caused by seepage: an experimental study

Dhungana

Wang

2019

Geoenviron Disasters

Self Cite

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“…Affecting severely the local infrastructure as well as transport and logistic operations, such phenomena are recognized as especially dangerous and, therefore, relevant to study. Different methods, such as field studies, airborne photography interpretation, physical modelling (Tingsanchali and Chinnarasri, 2001;Zhu et al, 2004Zhu et al, , 2011Mohamed and El-Ghorab, 2016; de Haas et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018) and mathematical modelling (Röthlisberger, 1972;Nye, 1976;Björnsson, 1992Björnsson, , 1998Walder and Fowler, 1994;Clarke, 2003;Fowler, 2009;Hewitt, 2011), are used for the research of outburst floods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake outbursts of the eastern part of the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, through snow and ice dams

Боронина

Popov

Pryakhina

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The Antarctic oasis Larsemann Hills is characterized by a developed drainage system. It includes several lakes of different genesis. However, besides the state of knowledge of this region and regular expeditions, which are conducted nowadays, the lakes of this oasis have not been studied comprehensively yet. In general, international and Russian research is dedicated to the monitoring of the ecological state of the water bodies, inferring climate change signals from the lake deposits. At the same time, works related to determination of the bathymetry and morphology of water bodies do not virtually exist or are hidden in scientific-technical reports of the Antarctic Programs of different countries. Interest in the investigation of the oasis lakes has increased sharply after the formation of a vast depression on on Dålk Glacier (Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica) on 30 January 2017 caused by the outburst of intraglacial reservoir. Field research in 2017/18 revealed that sudden destructions of impound dams and the generation of breakthrough floods are indicative for many lakes of the oasis. Thus, the present work aims at the application of mathematical modeling methods to shed light on the processes that lead to dam destruction and the outburst of lakes temporarily impounded by natural firn-ice and glacial dams. Such discharges are comparable to jökulhlaups and can be calculated using the adapted model of Yu.B. Vinogradov. As main objects of this research we select among the lakes located close to Russian and foreign Antarctic stations and field bases those, for which destructions of ice-snow bridges are detected. According to the modelling results, the following characteristics were identified for every outburst: the distribution of the discharges over time, the volume and transmission time of the flood. Moreover, its catastrophic risk and fracture force was assessed. The data obtained will form a basis for studying the formation of temporary ice hydrographic networks in Antarctica and the analogous processes occurring under the Arctic glaciers.

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In situ measurement of rockfill dam settlement using fiber optic gyroscope monitoring system

Liao

Luo

Cai

et al. 2021

Structural Contr & Hlth

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Summary The internal settlement of the dam body is an important index for evaluating its operation status. In this paper, using the fiber‐optic gyroscope (FOG), an advanced monitoring system for continuously measuring the internal settlement of the rockfill dam was developed, which mainly consists of a pipeline, an intelligent vehicle, and a power unit. The pipeline was composed of seamless steel pipes and polyvinyl chloride polymer connectors, which was buried at a specific elevation of a section of the rockfill dam body to serve as a permanent settlement monitoring channel. The intelligent vehicle was equipped with a high‐precision FOG sensor and an SD card. During the monitoring, a low‐pass filter was employed to eliminate the vibration noise from the angular velocities of the sensing vehicle as it passed through the connectors. The principle of the monitoring system measuring settlement was derived in detail. Finally, this system was applied to measure the in situ internal settlement of the Houziyan rockfill dam at the beginning and 3 years after the operation to verify its feasibility and accuracy.

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Experimental study to identify premonitory factors of landslide dam failures

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

The relationship among the premonitory factors of landslide dam failure caused by seepage: an experimental study

The relationship among the premonitory factors of landslide dam failure caused by seepage: an experimental study

Lake outbursts of the eastern part of the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, through snow and ice dams

In situ measurement of rockfill dam settlement using fiber optic gyroscope monitoring system

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