Experimental test of environment-assisted invariance

Vermeyden, Lydia; Ma, Xiongfeng; Lavoie, Jonathan; Bonsma, Madeleine; Sinha, Urbasi; Laflamme, Raymond; Resch, Katharina

doi:10.1103/physreva.91.012120

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In turn, we found that the ñ L | polarization state was accompanied by the -ñ 1 | and + ñ 1 | OAM states with respective frequencies of 98.4±0.3% and 1.6±0.3%, showing close correspondence with Premise III. We close with a brief comment to place this work in context, particularly with respect to the results presented in the investigation [9]. While reference [9] and the present study both reported an experimental investigation of envariance, the two projects differed considerably in scope and aim.…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…With these preliminaries in place, we now begin by briefly reviewing the derivation of the Born rule, which motivates this investigation, bearing in mind that the simple scenario discussed here is readily generalized to the case of arbitrary quantum states (see: appendix A). In this approach, one considers a bipartite quantum state S y ñ E | , formed from an interaction between a system S and its environment 9 û and E û must be envariant, and cannot be attributed to either the system or the environment alone. To make the case for the BPR, we adopt the following notational convention: for an observer having access only to the Hilbert space to which belongs a state ñ…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum probabilities from quantum entanglement: experimentally unpacking the Born rule

Harris

Bouchard

Santamato³

et al. 2016

New J. Phys.

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The Born rule, a foundational axiom used to deduce probabilities of events from wavefunctions, is indispensable in the everyday practice of quantum physics. It is also key in the quest to reconcile the ostensibly inconsistent laws of the quantum and classical realms, as it confers physical significance to reduced density matrices, the essential tools of decoherence theory. Following Bohr's Copenhagen interpretation, textbooks postulate the Born rule outright. However, recent attempts to derive it from other quantum principles have been successful, holding promise for simplifying and clarifying the quantum foundational bedrock. A major family of derivations is based on envariance, a recently discovered symmetry of entangled quantum states. Here, we identify and experimentally test three premises central to these envariance-based derivations, thus demonstrating, in the microworld, the symmetries from which the Born rule is derived. Further, we demonstrate envariance in a purely local quantum system, showing its independence from relativistic causality. rule as an axiom, following the Copenhagen interpretation and most textbooks, a physically transparent derivation would contribute greatly to clarifying the foundations of quantum mechanics. Given its importance to quantum mechanics, and to decoherence theory in particular, a satisfactory explanation of the quantum-toclassical transition depends upon one's ability to derive the Born probability rule (BPR) from simpler quantum mechanical principles.Attempts to reason up to the Born rule in this way have historically frustrated physicists and philosophers in equal measure 7 ; indeed, the absence of universally satisfactory derivations of the BPR has led more pragmatic workers to resign themselves to outright postulation of the Born rule 8 . Such a position is tantamount to abandoning any attempt to explain, on fundamental grounds, how quantum theory might possibly correspond to physical reality, and, as such, is an unpalatable option to many.Relatively recently, the BPR was shown to arise as a consequence of certain properties, which are known to arise from the entanglement of quantum states [8]. The central property, a symmetry known as envariance, has been subjected to tests in its nonlocal form [9], but until now, there has been no experimental substantiation of the other premises underlying this theoretical argument for the BPR. In other words, we know that entangled quantum states have symmetries that imply the Born rule, but we do not know whether physical systems indeed respect these (often counterintuitive) symmetries. The situation is similar to the 'EPR paradox' and Bell's theorem: its violation was predicted by quantum theory, but experimental tests were needed to ascertain that microsystems in our Universe really behave like this! Here, we demonstrate experimentally the validity of three key premises required by this envariance-based BPR derivation, and thereby show that the most controversial logical 'ingredients' of the proof are, in fact, physically soun...

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Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum probabilities from quantum entanglement: experimentally unpacking the Born rule

Harris

Bouchard

Santamato³

et al. 2016

New J. Phys.

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“…1 and Fig. 2, and there are now several experiments [28][29][30][31] that test some of the tenets of the derivation we are about to present.…”

Section: Probabilities From Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Thus, Ref. [28] use Hong-Ou-Mandel effect [36] to verify envariance of entangled and spatially separated photons (e.g., they carry out in the § When the probabilities are incommensurate, one uses sequences of states with commensurate probabilities (deduced from the Schmidt coefficients as above) that converge, from above and below, on these incommensurate probabilities: Such sequences "bracket" the incommensurate probabilities. We assume that probabilities are continuous functions of quantum states.…”

Section: Discussion Of Envariant Derivation Of Born's Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating ensembles from equilibrium statistical physics: Maxwell’s demon, Szilard’s engine, and thermodynamics via entanglement

Zurek

2018

Physics Reports

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A system in equilibrium does not evolve -time independence is its telltale characteristic. However, in Newtonian physics the microstate of an individual system (a point in its phase space) evolves incessantly in accord with its equations of motion. Ensembles were introduced in XIX century to bridge that chasm between continuous motion of phase space points in Newtonian dynamics and stasis of thermodynamics: While states of individual classical systems inevitably evolve, a phase space distribution of such states -an ensemble -can be time-independent. I show that entanglement (e.g., with the environment) can yield a time-independent equilibrium in an individual quantum system. This allows one to eliminate ensembles -an awkward stratagem introduced to reconcile thermodynamics with Newtonian mechanics -and use an individual system interacting and therefore entangled with its heat bath to represent equilibrium and to elucidate the role of information and measurements in physics. Thus, in our quantum Universe one can practice statistical physics without ensembles -hence, in a sense, without statistics. The elimination of ensembles uses ideas that led to the recent derivation of Born's rule from the symmetries of entanglement, and I start with a review of that derivation. I then review and discuss difficulties related to the reliance on ensembles and illustrate the need for ensembles with the classical Szilard's engine. A similar quantum engine -a single system interacting with the thermal heat bath environment -is enough to establish thermodynamics. The role of Maxwell's demon (which in this quantum context resembles Wigner's friend) is also discussed.

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“…2. Degenerate photon pairs are prepared using type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a Sagnac interferometer [40]. We pump a 10 mm long periodicallypoled KTP crystal (PPKTP) with a continuous wave diode laser (404.8 nm) to produce correlated photon pairs centered at λ SP = 810.8 nm with a spectral bandwidth of 0.4 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Talbot effect of orbital angular momentum lattices with single photons

Schwarz

Kapahi

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. A

Self Cite

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The self-imaging, or Talbot Effect, that occurs with the propagation of periodically structured waves has enabled several unique applications in optical metrology, image processing, data transmission, and matter-wave interferometry. In this work, we report on the first demonstration of a Talbot Effect with single photons prepared in a lattice of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states. We observe that upon propagation, the wavefronts of the single photons manifest self-imaging whereby the OAM lattice intensity profile is recovered. Furthermore, we show that the intensity at fractional Talbot distances is indicative of a periodic helical phase structure corresponding to a lattice of OAM states. This phenomenon is a powerful addition to the toolbox of orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit techniques that have already enabled many recent developments in quantum optics.

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Experimental test of environment-assisted invariance

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Quantum probabilities from quantum entanglement: experimentally unpacking the Born rule

Quantum probabilities from quantum entanglement: experimentally unpacking the Born rule

Eliminating ensembles from equilibrium statistical physics: Maxwell’s demon, Szilard’s engine, and thermodynamics via entanglement

Talbot effect of orbital angular momentum lattices with single photons

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