Experimental Transmission of Chandipura Virus by Phlebotomus Argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Mavale, M. S.; Fulmali, P. V.; Ghodke, Yuvraj S.; Mishra, Akhilesh C.; Kanojia, P. C.; Geevarghese, G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.307

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This includes the bite of haematophagous arthropods (Comer et al, 1990; Pérez De Leó n et al, 2006), including Simulium vittatum blackflies, which can transmit vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus to cattle under experimental conditions (Mead et al, 2009), and Phlebotomus argentipes sandflies, which efficiently transmitted Chandipura virus to laboratory mice (Mavale et al, 2007). It is currently unknown whether MERDV has the capacity to replicate in vertebrate hosts, but should its host range include vertebrates, it is unlikely that virus persistence in nature is dependent upon the bite of haematophagous arthropods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merida virus, a putative novel rhabdovirus discovered in Culex and Ochlerotatus spp. mosquitoes in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Charles

Firth

Loroño-Pino

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Sequences corresponding to a putative, novel rhabdovirus [designated Merida virus (MERDV)]were initially detected in a pool of Culex quinquefasciatus collected in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The entire genome was sequenced, revealing 11 798 nt and five major ORFs, which encode the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). The deduced amino acid sequences of the N, G and L proteins have no more than 24, 38 and 43 % identity, respectively, to the corresponding sequences of all other known rhabdoviruses, whereas those of the P and M proteins have no significant identity with any sequences in GenBank and their identity is only suggested based on their genome position. Using specific reverse transcription-PCR assays established from the genome sequence, 27 571 C. quinquefasciatus which had been sorted in 728 pools were screened to assess the prevalence of MERDV in nature and 25 pools were found positive. The minimal infection rate (calculated as the number of positive mosquito pools per 1000 mosquitoes tested) was 0.9, and similar for both females and males. Screening another 140 pools of 5484 mosquitoes belonging to four other genera identified positive pools of Ochlerotatus spp. mosquitoes, indicating that the host range is not restricted to C. quinquefasciatus. Attempts to isolate MERDV in C6/36 and Vero cells were unsuccessful. In summary, we provide evidence that a previously undescribed rhabdovirus occurs in mosquitoes in Mexico.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merida virus, a putative novel rhabdovirus discovered in Culex and Ochlerotatus spp. mosquitoes in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Charles

Firth

Loroño-Pino

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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“…This mechanism could have helped the virus to remain dormant for prolonged periods and initiate outbreaks when sandfly population increased under favourable conditions. P. argentipus , a zoophilic species has also been found competent to transmit the virus horizontally to infant mice25. However, their role as vector is still not confirmed.…”

Section: Chip Transmission By Sandfliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHPV is transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies as evidenced by repeated isolations and their ability to transmit the virus by transovarial and venereal routes232425. Spraying of insecticides could bring down the population drastically.…”

Section: Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing clinical scenario in Chandipura virus infection

Sudeep¹,

Gurav²,

Bondre³

2016

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Chandipura virus (CHPV) (Vesiculovirus: Rhabdoviridae) garnered global attention as an emerging neurotropic pathogen inflicting high mortality in children within 24 h of commencement of symptoms. The 2003-2004 outbreaks in Central India witnessed case fatality rates ranging from 56-75 per cent in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat with typical encephalitic symptoms. Due to the acute sickness and rapid deterioration, the precise mechanism of action of the virus is still unknown. Recent studies have shown increased expression of CHPV phosphoprotein upto 6 h post infection (PI) demonstrating CHPV replication in neuronal cells and the rapid destruction of the cells by apoptosis shed light on the probable mechanism of rapid death in children.Phlebotomine sandflies are implicated as vectors due to their predominance in endemic areas, repeated virus isolations and their ability to transmit the virus by transovarial and venereal routes. Significant contributions have been made in the development of diagnostics and prophylactics, vaccines and antivirals. Two candidate vaccines, viz. a recombinant vaccine and a killed vaccine and siRNAs targeting P and M proteins have been developed and are awaiting clinical trials. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Phlebotomus papatasi cell lines as well as embryonated chicken eggs have been found useful in virus isolation and propagation. Despite these advancements, CHPV has been a major concern in Central India and warrants immediate attention from virologists, neurologists, paediatricians and the government for containing the virus.

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“…CHPV is spread by sandflies (Phlebotomus argentipes), as demonstrated by virus isolation from the vector in Aurangabad [39], as well as detection of viral RNA in Karimnagar [40]. More recently, the susceptibility and transmission potential of Phlebotomus argentipes for CHPV has been conclusively demonstrated experimentally under laboratory conditions [41].…”

Section: Chandipura Virus (Chpv): An Important Emerging Arbovirus In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Vaccines in India: An Overview

Bharati

Vrati

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Sect B. Biol. Sci.

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Viruses cause a large number of diseases in humans, some of which are fatal, while others are highly debilitating. A majority of viral diseases attack infants and young children, while others strike people in their prime. Development of preventive measures against viral diseases is, therefore, of paramount importance. Vaccination is the most cost-effective medical intervention for preventing mortality and morbidity against infectious diseases. A number of effective and safe vaccines are currently available against several viral diseases of significant medical importance. Many of these manufactured in India, are at par with international standards and are affordable. For many other viral diseases, for which vaccines are currently not available, research is underway at various national laboratories, as well as in the private sector companies in India. The present overview highlights the various vaccine preventable viral diseases that are of special importance to India and aims to provide a glimpse of the various vaccines that are currently available, or are under development in India.India has a strong presence in the global vaccine scenario. Currently there are at least 13 major vaccine manufacturers in the country, with the number steadily increasing. India is a major importer as well as exporter of vaccines [1], with the Indian market for vaccines being valued at over USD

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Experimental Transmission of Chandipura Virus by Phlebotomus Argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Merida virus, a putative novel rhabdovirus discovered in Culex and Ochlerotatus spp. mosquitoes in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Merida virus, a putative novel rhabdovirus discovered in Culex and Ochlerotatus spp. mosquitoes in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Changing clinical scenario in Chandipura virus infection

Viral Vaccines in India: An Overview

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