Experimental Transmission of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> to <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>

Pinilla, Yudi T.; Boussougou-Sambe, Stravensky T.; Gräßle, Sarah; Ngossanga, Barclaye; Doumba-Ndalembouly, Ange Gatien; Weierich, Andrea; Bingoulou, Gedeon; Malinga, Emma G; Nguiffo-Nguete, Daniel; Ntoumi, Francine; Djogbénou, Luc; Issifou, Saadou; Wondji, Charles S.; Adegnika, Ayôla Akim; Borrmann, Steffen

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa382

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In addition, the large difference in sporozoite infection between P. falciparum and P. malariae could also be due to the lifespan of mosquitoes, which is generally no longer than 3 weeks in nature. In fact, P. malariae has a longer sporogonic cycle (21 days) [ 33 ] than P. falciparum (14 days), which may explain the reduced likelihood of finding P. malariae sporozoites in the mosquitoes. The study site of Mibellon had a high infection rate with P. falciparum and P. malariae ; this can possibly be explained by the perennial presence of the malaria vector, mainly An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium malariae contributes to high levels of malaria transmission in a forest–savannah transition area in Cameroon

et al. 2023

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Background Malaria control efforts are highly skewed towards Plasmodium falciparum while overlooking other Plasmodium species such as P. malariae. A better understanding of the role of Plasmodium species other than P. falciparum is needed to strengthen malaria elimination initiatives. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the contribution of P. malariae to malaria transmission in Cameroon. Methods The study was conducted in the Ngatti Health District, a forest–savannah transition area in the Adamawa Region, Cameroon. A total of 497 individuals aged from 1 to 85 years were diagnosed with malaria in November 2020 using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy. Adult mosquitoes were collected between September 2019 and March 2020 by indoor aspiration and identified morphologically and molecularly. The infection status of Plasmodium spp. was also determined by quantitative PCR, and dried blood spots were collected from 156 participants with the aim to detect different Plasmodium species by nested PCR. Results The overall Plasmodium prevalence was 50.3%, 51.8% and 64.7%, as detected by microscopy, the RDT and PCR, respectively. Based on the PCR results, P. falciparum was the most prevalent species (43%); followed by co-infections P. falciparum/P. malariae (17%), P. falciparum/P. ovale (1.3%), P. falciparum/P. ovale/P. malariae (1.3%); and then by P. malariae mono-infection (2.5%). The same trend was observed using microscopy, with 35% of participants infected with P. falciparum, 11% co-infected with P. falciparum/P. malariae and 4% infected with P. malariae. The prevalence and parasite density of malaria infection varied significantly with age group (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence rate observed in children aged 6–10 years (P = 0.0001) while the density of Plasmodium infection increased significantly in children aged < 5 years compared to the other age groups (P = 10−3). Among the 757 Anopheles mosquitoes collected, 737 (97.35%) were An. funestus sensu stricto, 15 (1.9%) were An. gambiae and 5 (0.6%) were An. hancocki. The Plasmodium species recorded at the head/thorax level were P. falciparum and P. malariae, with a sporozoite infection rate of 8.4%; the highest sporozoite infection rate was recorded at Mibellon village (13.6%). Conclusion The results of this study reveal the significant contribution of P. malariae, in addition to P. falciparum, to the high malaria transmission rate in this region. These findings highlight the need to deploy initiatives to also tackle this Plasmodium species to eliminate malaria in the region. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium malariae contributes to high levels of malaria transmission in a forest–savannah transition area in Cameroon

et al. 2023

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Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale—Prevalent and Relevant

Graumans,

Ayo,

van Lieshout

et al. 2024

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Systems biology of malaria explored with nonhuman primates

Galinski

2022

Malar J

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Abstract“The Primate Malarias” book has been a uniquely important resource for multiple generations of scientists, since its debut in 1971, and remains pertinent to the present day. Indeed, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been instrumental for major breakthroughs in basic and pre-clinical research on malaria for over 50 years. Research involving NHPs have provided critical insights and data that have been essential for malaria research on many parasite species, drugs, vaccines, pathogenesis, and transmission, leading to improved clinical care and advancing research goals for malaria control, elimination, and eradication. Whilst most malaria scientists over the decades have been studying Plasmodium falciparum, with NHP infections, in clinical studies with humans, or using in vitro culture or rodent model systems, others have been dedicated to advancing research on Plasmodium vivax, as well as on phylogenetically related simian species, including Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium coatneyi, and Plasmodium knowlesi. In-depth study of these four phylogenetically related species over the years has spawned the design of NHP longitudinal infection strategies for gathering information about ongoing infections, which can be related to human infections. These Plasmodium-NHP infection model systems are reviewed here, with emphasis on modern systems biological approaches to studying longitudinal infections, pathogenesis, immunity, and vaccines. Recent discoveries capitalizing on NHP longitudinal infections include an advanced understanding of chronic infections, relapses, anaemia, and immune memory. With quickly emerging new technological advances, more in-depth research and mechanistic discoveries can be anticipated on these and additional critical topics, including hypnozoite biology, antigenic variation, gametocyte transmission, bone marrow dysfunction, and loss of uninfected RBCs. New strategies and insights published by the Malaria Host–Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC) are recapped here along with a vision that stresses the importance of educating future experts well trained in utilizing NHP infection model systems for the pursuit of innovative, effective interventions against malaria.

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Experimental Transmission of Plasmodium malariae to Anopheles gambiae

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Plasmodium malariae contributes to high levels of malaria transmission in a forest–savannah transition area in Cameroon

Plasmodium malariae contributes to high levels of malaria transmission in a forest–savannah transition area in Cameroon

Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale—Prevalent and Relevant

Systems biology of malaria explored with nonhuman primates

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