“…It was observed that the graft was then too long, as it did not have to course across the surface of the aneurysm, although this redundancy caused no ill effects. Satinsky, Neptune, and Alai (1955) experimentally replaced an aneurysm of the aortic arch with the aid of a homograft vessel shunt which later served as aorta (Chamberlain, Klopstock, Parnasa, Grant, and Cincotti. 1956) or the left subclavian artery (Nagel and Williams, 1966;Kahn, Vathayanon, and Sloan, 1968).…”