Experimental Validation of a 2-Bit Reconfigurable Unit-Cell for Transmitarrays at Ka-Band

Clemente, Antonio; Diaby, Fatimata; Palma, Luca Di; Dussopt, Laurent; Sauleau, Ronan

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003698

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The main advantage of this architecture is its highlyintegrated and simple design, which can be manufactured in a standard waveguide technology and, as opposed to corporate feed PAAs, conveniently realizes the nonlinear initial phase distribution for high N x . In fact, using the space (optical) PAA feeding to deliberately destroy the periodicity of phase quantization errors was proposed a long time ago in [11] and is used in 1-and 2-bit transmitarrays with a focal source [3], [5]. Nevertheless, there are still open questions that we address in this study: (i) What is the optimum initial phase distribution in terms of the lowest 1-bit PAA sidelobe level (SLL)?…”

Section: Proposed 1-bit Paa Architecturementioning

confidence: 98%

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Quasi-Optical Beamforming Network for Millimeter-Wave Electronically Scanned Array Antennas with 1-Bit Phase Resolution

Vilenskiy

Galesloot

Zhang

et al. 2021

2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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State-of-the-art design solutions for electronically scanned array antennas are mostly limited to microwave to low mm-wave frequency bands, while the demand for new designs at higher frequencies (i.e. frequencies beyond 100 GHz) is rapidly growing. We attempt to fill in this knowledge gap by presenting a new linear array antenna architecture as a building block of 2D arrays that can enable efficient beam steering and a simplified array design. This concept is based on the combination of a low-loss quasi-optical (QO) feed, providing predefined antenna port excitation, with 1-bit phase shifters which are co-integrated with the array antenna elements. In this study, we formulate the array design problem as minimization of the sidelobe level (SLL) through an optimum quasi-randomization of phase errors. An analytical expression for the optimum focal ratio of the QO feed has been derived to establish the relationships between the key design parameters. These results are validated through numerical simulations revealing that the optimum focal ratio leads to the minimum SLL.

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Section: Proposed 1-bit Paa Architecturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, the concept of low-order (1-and 2-bit) phase control was applied to beam-steerable PAAs to realize compact and energy-efficient designs at < 30 GHz bands [2]- [5]. This approach is especially promising for higher frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Optical Beamforming Network for Millimeter-Wave Electronically Scanned Array Antennas with 1-Bit Phase Resolution

Vilenskiy

Galesloot

Zhang

et al. 2021

2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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“…Several studies are available in the literature [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] to demonstrate the operations and functions of transmitarray beam steering. These are realised by utilizing different reconfigurable devices, materials, element designs, and operational parameters.…”

Section: Beam Steering/beam Forming Using Reconfigurable Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments and Challenges on Beam Steering Characteristics of Reconfigurable Transmitarray Antennas

et al. 2022

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This paper highlights recent developments and challenges on beam steering characteristics of reconfigurable transmitarray antennas. It introduces the operating principle of beam forming/beam steering high gain transmitarray antennas to enable the user to opt for economical and high performance solutions. A transmitarray antenna typically consists of a source antenna and a phase transformation structure. The incident waves generated from the source antenna is tilted using the phase transformation structure in a desired direction to steer the beam. Moreover, the phase transformation structure alters the incident wavefront to a plane wavefront using phase change characteristics. In order to steer a beam to a specific desired angle, it can be divided into two methods. There is a method of applying a transmitarray with a variable transmission phase change or a method of changing the shape of the wavefront of the source antenna. This type of beam forming/beam steering high gain antenna has been mainly studied from the point of view of high efficiency, low profile, and low cost. Several solutions of transmitarray unit cells have been presented in the literature, using PIN diodes, varactors, MEMS switches, and microfluids enable electronics to realize reconfigurable characteristics of transmitarray antennas. This paper analyzes the characteristics of various beam steering high gain reconfigurable transmitarrays (RTA) and highlights the future opportunities and challenges of the structure design for transmitarray antennas. This paper also highlights the challenges and gaps in terahertz and optical frequencies related to future work due to the structure complexity and lack of components’ availability. Moreover, the challenges and limitations related to multi-bit structures and dual-band requirements are presented.

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“…There are some active analog-type transmitarray in the literature, where varactor diode based phase shifters were used [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. There are some transmitarray and some reflectarray whose phases were discretized into using PIN diodes without using conventional phase shifter [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Digitally reconfigurable transmitarray is promising compared to phased array antennas because of very low losses, low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4×4 digitally reconfigurable transmitarray: measurement of radiation patterns

Rana

Lee

Hong

2022

IEICE Electron. Express

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In this letter, measured radiation patterns of a 4×4 digitally reconfigurable transmitarray are presented. It is possible to get beam steering and polarization conversion operation using the 4×4 digitally reconfigurable transmitarray. There is a total of four PIN diodes in each unit cell of the transmitarray. The polarization conversion operation is realized using the upper two PIN diodes and the beam steering operation is realized using the lower two PIN diodes. "State1" and "State2" are the biasing conditions of PIN diodes of the lower layer. "State3" and "State4" are the biasing conditions of the upper two PIN diodes. These states can be represented as "0" and "1". By arranging "0" and "1" on the top and bottom layer of the transmitarray, beam steering, and polarization conversion operations can be obtained digitally. This type of transmitarray is useful for radars, satellites, and other types of communications applications.

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Experimental Validation of a 2-Bit Reconfigurable Unit-Cell for Transmitarrays at Ka-Band

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Quasi-Optical Beamforming Network for Millimeter-Wave Electronically Scanned Array Antennas with 1-Bit Phase Resolution

Quasi-Optical Beamforming Network for Millimeter-Wave Electronically Scanned Array Antennas with 1-Bit Phase Resolution

Recent Developments and Challenges on Beam Steering Characteristics of Reconfigurable Transmitarray Antennas

A 4×4 digitally reconfigurable transmitarray: measurement of radiation patterns

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