Experimental Validation of a Remedial Action via Hardware-in-the-Loop System Against Cyberattacks Targeting a Lab-Scale PV/Wind Microgrid

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the future digitalization of microgrids to meet the increasing energy demand. It begins with an overview of the background of microgrids, including their components and configurations, control and management strategies, and optimization techniques. It then discusses the key digital technologies that can be used to improve the performance of microgrids, including distributed energy resources management systems, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, digital twin technology, cloud computing, and augmented reality. The paper also highlights the importance of cybersecurity in microgrids, identifying the potential security vulnerabilities and threats to microgrid cybersecurity, as well as strategies for addressing these challenges. Finally, the paper discusses the barriers and challenges regarding the digitalization of microgrids, including technical complexity, high implementation costs, regulatory barriers, data privacy and security concerns, lack of standardization, interoperability issues, limited technical expertise, and integration with the main grid. Overall, this paper demonstrates the significant potential for digital technologies to transform the future of microgrids. By leveraging advanced technologies and implementing effective cybersecurity measures, microgrids can become more efficient, reliable, and resilient, enabling them to meet the growing demand for energy and contribute to a sustainable energy future.

Section: Denial Of Service (Dos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Transformation of Microgrids: A Review of Design, Operation, Optimization, and Cybersecurity

Irmak

Kabalcı

2023

“…The collaborative nature of such distributed cooperative control-based microgrids can easily spread out a simple cyber-attack on a single DER or a communication link to the entire system, resulting in control failure or even making the overall power system unstable [95][96][97][98]. One solution to mitigate such cyber-attacks and maintain the stable operation of microgrids is to develop a resilient controller [8,27,95,[99][100][101][102][103][104]. AI-based techniques are being utilized to design resilient control schemes in microgrids to mitigate the malicious effects of such attacks [42][43][44][45][46]105].…”

Section: Ai-based Cyber-attack Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of AI-Based Cyber-Attack Detection and Mitigation in Microgrids

Beg,

Khan,

Rehman

et al. 2023

In this paper, the application and future vision of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques in microgrids are presented from a cyber-security perspective of physical devices and communication networks. The vulnerabilities of microgrids are investigated under a variety of cyber-attacks targeting sensor measurements, control signals, and information sharing. With the inclusion of communication networks and smart metering devices, the attack surface has increased in microgrids, making them vulnerable to various cyber-attacks. The negative impact of such attacks may render the microgrids out-of-service, and the attacks may propagate throughout the network due to the absence of efficient mitigation approaches. AI-based techniques are being employed to tackle such data-driven cyber-attacks due to their exceptional pattern recognition and learning capabilities. AI-based methods for cyber-attack detection and mitigation that address the cyber-attacks in microgrids are summarized. A case study is presented showing the performance of AI-based cyber-attack mitigation in a distributed cooperative control-based AC microgrid. Finally, future potential research directions are provided that include the application of transfer learning and explainable AI techniques to increase the trust of AI-based models in the microgrid domain.

“…In addition to the challenge of improving security for low-capacity processing devices such as Arduinos, the main objective at this stage is to validate the functionality of the framework. However, it is possible to incorporate security measures when transmitting data to the server, which may involve data encryption or some methodologies to counter cyberattacks, as studied by [36,37]. However, the selection of the most appropriate security method will require experimentation and validation, considering power and processing requirements, which are critical constraints on data sensing.…”

Section: Non-functional Requirements (Nfr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Data-Driven Architecture for Smart Renewable Energy Microgrids in Non-Interconnected Zones: A Colombian Case Study

Colmenares-Quintero,

Maestre-Gongora,

Valderrama-Riveros

et al. 2023

Implementing smart microgrids for Non-Interconnected Zones (NIZs) has become an alternative solution to provide electrical energy by taking advantage of the resources available through the generation of renewable energy within these isolated areas. Within this context, in this study, the challenges related to microgrids and data analysis are presented, and different relevant data architectures described in the literature are compared. This paper focuses on the design of a data architecture for a smart microgrid for NIZs whose microgrid contains two 260 W solar panels, a 480 W inverter, and two 260 Ah batteries. Regarding the Colombian context, this paper describes the limitations (connectivity, isolation, appropriation of technologies) and opportunities (low demand, access to natural resources, state interest) from which the functional and non-functional requirements for the architecture are established. Finally, a data architecture is proposed and implemented in a NIZ in Colombia, and this paper also includes a description of the architecture, its characteristics, its associated opportunities and challenges, and discussions regarding its implementation.