Experimental Validation of Inertia-Eigenfrequency Emulation for Wind Turbines on System Test Benches

Basler, Maximilian; Leisten, Christian; Jassmann, Uwe; Abel, Dirk

doi:10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9255014

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At CWD the motor has a maximum torque of 2.7 MNm (up to 3.4 MNm at overload) and a maximum torque change rate of 1 kNm/ms [12]. The drive at the DyNaLab consists of two motors in tandem arrangement with a total torque of 8.6 MNm (up to 13 a maximum torque change rate of 86 kNm/ms [5]. The grid emulators have total power of 21.5 MVA (CWD) [10] and 44 MVA (DyNaLab) [4].…”

Section: General Test Bench Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each test bench has its own HiL-System and related controls. Due to the focus of this paper, no further details on the HiL-Systems and internal controls are given here and the reader is kindly referred to the relevant publications from CWD [11][12][13] and DyNaLab [5][6][7]. It is also important to notice that the field measurement campaign and the campaign at the DyNaLab were carried out and evaluated according to FGW TR3 Rev.…”

Section: Hil-system Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CertBench: conclusions from the comparison of certification results derived on system test benches and in the field

Jassmann

Frehn

Röttgers³

et al. 2021

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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This paper presents measurement results of the world wide first successful certification the electrical properties of a wind turbine, solely based upon measurements obtained at a system test bench with HiL-System and grid emulator. For all certification relevant tests the results are compared to field measurements. The impact of the real-time models in the HiL-System as well as the converter-based grid emulator are discussed in this paper. For full converter wind turbine, different requirements for the model depth could be determined depending on the tests. Nevertheless, higher-quality models that reflect the plant behaviour better are recommended to reduce uncertainties within the certification process. This paper also shows that especially for grid failure events grid emulators require real-time impedance control, in order to emulate grid failures properly. Based on these findings, recommendations for the requirements on test bench components are formulated in this paper, in order to contribute to new certification guidelines. Overall, we conclude that based on the experiences made at two different system test benches, the vast majority of certification measurements can be carried out without limitation at such system test benches.

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Section: General Test Bench Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hil-system Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CertBench: conclusions from the comparison of certification results derived on system test benches and in the field

Jassmann

Frehn

Röttgers³

et al. 2021

Forsch Ingenieurwes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Beyond this, the HiL systems have to be accurate enough to reproduce certification-relevant results from field measurements. For all HiL systems, accuracy must be achieved with respect to: static emulation, dynamic emulation, and the suppression of parasitic effects [21,31]. Table 1 compares what each of these three topics means for the MHiL and PHiL systems.…”

Section: General Setup and Functioning Of A Multi-physics Hil Nacelle...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to a large number of parameters, this method offers greater potential in terms of closed-loop robustness and performance. However, this is also accompanied by an increased commissioning effort compared to the IE [21]. In this chapter, two different MHiL methods are considered: Baseline Inertia Emulation (IE) [9] and Model Reference Control (MRC) [21].…”

Section: Mechanical-level Hil-setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Full-scale validations with a focus on experimental results are reported in [19] for the initial commissioning of the test bench at the Center for Wind Power Drives at RWTH Aachen University, and in [20] for the electrical faults on the same test bench. In [21], an experimental validation of the rotor eigenfrequency emulation on a full scale test bench is demonstrated, in [22] for mechanical results on the dynamometer at the Fraunhofer IWES, and in [23] for electrical faults on the same test bench. Experimental results, with a focus on the grid emulator, of the wind turbine testing facility at NREL are given in [24], and practical recommendations regarding the PHiL interface derived from these results are given in [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Multi-Physics HiL Test Benches on Wind Turbine Certification

et al. 2022

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Recently developed nacelle test benches for wind turbines, equipped with multi-physics Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) systems, enable advanced testing and even certification of next-generation wind turbines according to IEC61400-21. On the basis of three experiments carried out with a commercial 3.2 MW wind turbine, this paper shows to which extent test bench hardware and HiL systems influence certification results. For the crucial Fault-Ride-Through tests, all deviations were found to be below 1% compared to field and simulation results. For this test, the power HiL system and the accuracy of its impedance emulation are found to be of most relevance. The results for the test items Frequency Control and Synthetic Inertia were found to be more sensitive to shortcomings of the mechanical HiL with its control system. Based on these findings, the paper mentions general procedures to ensure the quality of test benches with HiL systems and, with that, ensure the quality of certification.

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Pitfalls of testing wind turbine control algorithms on nacelle test benches

Klein

Basler

Abel

2023

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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The validation and certification of wind turbines (WT) on nacelle test benches (NTB) is becoming increasingly important in the development process. While for certifiers the advantage lies in controlled test execution, for development departments it lies in testing as many system components as possible in a quasi-final prototype. However, the question arises which practical conditions must be fulfilled so that statements can also be made about WT control. In addition to the errors induced by a mechanical Hardware in the Loop (mHiL) system, the dynamic interactions between the WT controller and the NTB controller applying the mHiL concept are of interest. This analytical work based on simulations aims to systematically investigate how realistic the control behavior of a WT operated on a NTB is. For this purpose, the nominal behavior of a WT is compared with the operation on a NTB under realistic conditions and the resulting differences are subsequently reproduced in a synthetic load case. Finally, the differences are analyzed in terms of system theory. It is found that a frequency-dependent distorted behavior caused by operating the WT on a NTB is responsible for strong deviations compared to the WT operation in field. In the controller configuration studied, gain amplifications up to $$5.17\,\text{dB}$$ 5.17 dB are identified. The distortion is not exclusively caused by the mHiL closed loop behavior, but results from the interaction of all subsystems in both control loops. Therefore, its behavior is identified as a function of the system and controller parameters of both the WT and the NTB.

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Experimental Validation of Inertia-Eigenfrequency Emulation for Wind Turbines on System Test Benches

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

CertBench: conclusions from the comparison of certification results derived on system test benches and in the field

CertBench: conclusions from the comparison of certification results derived on system test benches and in the field

Impact of Multi-Physics HiL Test Benches on Wind Turbine Certification

Pitfalls of testing wind turbine control algorithms on nacelle test benches

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