Experimental Validation of Phase Velocity and Interaction Impedance of Meander-Line Slow-Wave Structures for Space Traveling-Wave Tubes

Socuellamos, Juan M.; Dionisio, Roberto; Letizia, Rosa; Paoloni, Claudio

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2021.3054913

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One core part of a TWT is its slow-wave structure (SWS), which serves to slow down and synchronize the electromagnetic waves with a high-energy electron beam. Meander-line SWSs [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] have been extensively utilized in planar SWSs due to their low operating voltage and mass manufacturing capability. However, meander-line (ML) SWSs are typically kept in place by dielectric rods or dielectric substrates, which are susceptible to charge accumulation effects that can cause destructive damage to the device [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Staggered Vane-Shaped Slot-Line Slow-Wave Structure for W-Band Dual-Sheet Electron-Beam-Traveling Wave Tubes

Wang,

Guo,

Dong

et al. 2024

Sensors

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A staggered vane-shaped slot-line slow-wave structure (SV-SL SWS) for application in W-band traveling wave tubes (TWTs) is proposed in this article. In contrast to the conventional slot-line SWSs with dielectric substrates, the proposed SWS consists only of a thin metal sheet inscribed with periodic grooves and two half-metal enclosures, which means it can be easily manufactured and assembled and has the potential for mass production. This SWS not only solves the problem of the dielectric loading effect but also improves the heat dissipation capability of such structures. Meanwhile, the SWS design presented here covers a −15 dB S11 frequency range from 87.5 to 95 GHz. The 3-D simulation for a TWT based on the suggested SWS is also investigated. Under dual-electron injection conditions with a total voltage of 17.2 kV and a total current of 0.3 A, the maximum output power at 90 GHz is 200 W, with a 3 dB bandwidth up to 4 GHz. With a good potential for fabrication using microfabrication techniques, this structure can be a good candidate for millimeter-wave TWT applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Staggered Vane-Shaped Slot-Line Slow-Wave Structure for W-Band Dual-Sheet Electron-Beam-Traveling Wave Tubes

Wang,

Guo,

Dong

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…This is primarily because EM analysis is able to accurately account for various phenomena exerting significant effects on circuit responses, such as EM cross-coupling [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Furthermore, the incorporation of size reduction techniques of various kinds (e.g., use of the slow-wave phenomenon [18][19][20][21], transmission line folding [22,23], defected ground structures [24,25], or multi-layer realizations [26][27][28]) makes the topologies of microwave devices increasingly intricate. Another important factor affecting their geometries is the implementation of additional functionalities, e.g., wide-band [29][30][31] or multi-band operation [32][33][34] or harmonic Electronics 2023, 12, 3560 2 of 20 attenuation [35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Efficient Two-Level Modeling of Microwave Passives Using Feature-Based Surrogates and Domain Confinement

Pietrenko-Dabrowska,

Koziel,

Zhang

2023

Electronics

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A variety of surrogate modeling techniques has been utilized in high-frequency design over the last two decades. Yet, the curse of dimensionality still poses a serious challenge in setting up reliable design-ready surrogates of modern microwave components. The difficulty of the modeling task is only aggravated by nonlinearity of circuit responses. Consequently, constructing a practically usable surrogate model, valid across extended ranges of material, geometry, and operational parameters, is far from easy. As a matter of fact, conventional modeling techniques are merely capable of building models for microwave structures featuring a relatively small number of designable parameters within reduced ranges thereof. One possible way of mitigating these obstacles may be the employment of the recently proposed two-stage performance-driven modeling approach. Therein, the surrogate model domain is narrowed down to the section of the space where the vectors of adequate quality are located, thereby permitting significantly reducing the cost of acquiring the training data. Seeking even further cost reduction, this work introduces a novel modeling framework, which exploits problem-specific knowledge extracted from the circuit responses to achieve substantial cost-savings of training data acquisition. In our methodology, the modeling procedure targets response features instead of the complete responses. The response features are the characteristic locations of the circuit response, such as relevant minima or maxima over selected frequency bands. The dependency of the coordinates of the said features on circuit dimensions is considerably less nonlinear than is observed for the complete characteristics, which enables sizable reduction of the data acquisition cost. Numerical validation of our procedure involving three microwave structures corroborates its remarkable efficiency, which allows for setting design-ready surrogates using only a handful of samples.

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“…Planar TWT has become an attractive interaction structure because it is lightweight, compact, and can be mass fabricated. Numerous investigations have been conducted on meander-line slow-wave structure (ML-SWS) [5][6][7][8][9] and its deformed structure [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] in recent years. As planar SWS is a 2D structure, the fabrication problem that conventional SWS such as helix, coupled-cavity, and folded-waveguide met when the operating frequency was Ka-band or above can be solved using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband-Printed Traveling-Wave Tube Based on a Staggered Rings Microstrip Line Slow-Wave Structure

Yang

Yue

et al. 2022

Electronics

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To increase the output power of microstrip line traveling-wave tubes, a staggered rings microstrip line (SRML) slow-wave structure (SWS) based on a U-shaped mender line (U-shaped ML) SWS and a ring-shaped microstrip line (RML) SWS has been proposed in this paper. Compared with U-shaped ML SWS and RML SWS, SRML SWS has a wider transverse width, which means SRML SWS has a larger area for beam–wave interaction. The simulation results show that SRML SWS has a wider bandwidth than U-shaped ML SWS and a lower phase velocity than RML SWS. Input/output couplers, which consist of microstrip probes and transition sections, have been designed to transmit signals from a rectangular waveguide to the SWS; the simulation results present that the designed input/output structure has good transmission characteristics. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results indicate that the SRML TWT has a maximum output of 322 W at 32.5 GHz under a beam voltage of 9.7 kV and a beam current of 380 mA, and the corresponding electronic efficiency is around 8.74%. The output power is over 100 W in the frequency range of 27 GHz to 38 GHz.

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Experimental Validation of Phase Velocity and Interaction Impedance of Meander-Line Slow-Wave Structures for Space Traveling-Wave Tubes

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

A Staggered Vane-Shaped Slot-Line Slow-Wave Structure for W-Band Dual-Sheet Electron-Beam-Traveling Wave Tubes

A Staggered Vane-Shaped Slot-Line Slow-Wave Structure for W-Band Dual-Sheet Electron-Beam-Traveling Wave Tubes

Cost-Efficient Two-Level Modeling of Microwave Passives Using Feature-Based Surrogates and Domain Confinement

Broadband-Printed Traveling-Wave Tube Based on a Staggered Rings Microstrip Line Slow-Wave Structure

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