Experimental validation of railway axle fatigue crack growth using operational loading

Yamamoto, Masataka; Makino, Kazunari; Ishiduka, Hiromichi

doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.04.001

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Railway axles are key elements in the design of rolling stock. Many authors have independently shown that during operation, railway axles are subjected to variable loads that may cause damage [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The main problem in the production of railway axles by cross-wedge rolling is the formation of cracks along the axis of a rolled part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductile Fracture Prediction in Cross-Wedge Rolling of Rail Axles

Bulzak

2021

Materials

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In the process of cross-wedge rolling, axial-symmetric forgings are formed using wedge tools. These tools may be flat- or roll-shaped. This article presents two methods of cross-wedge rolling of rail axles, traditional and multi-wedge, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Two cross-wedge rolling processes are modelled numerically using Simufact Forming. Numerical results are then verified by experiments performed on a flat wedge rolling mill. Results obtained with the two rolling methods are compared in terms of material fracture, force parameters, effective strain and thermal conditions during rolling. Results show that material fracture poses a serious problem in these rolling processes. It is found that the Cockcroft–Latham ductile fracture criterion does not predict material fracture correctly. Results demonstrate that the fracture of railway axles in cross-wedge rolling can be best predicted by the fracture criteria developed by Ayada, Brozzo, Ko, Rice and Tracey.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductile Fracture Prediction in Cross-Wedge Rolling of Rail Axles

Bulzak

2021

Materials

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“…Numerous studies have addressed the experimental investigation of the fatigue crack growth behaviour of full-scale railway axles [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. As a result, the need for a proper fatigue crack propagation model applicable for the in-service condition of railway axles is essential to plan the inspection intervals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Full-Scale Railway Axles Subjected to Service Load Spectra: Experiments and Predictive Models

Pourheidar

Patriarca

Beretta

et al. 2021

Metals

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In this paper, a series of experimental investigations was performed on full-scale railway axles to analyze the fatigue crack growth behavior of EA4T steel under load spectrum derived from real operating conditions. The experimental results were compared to life predictions carried out adopting two models: (i) the conventional Nasgro equation and (ii) the cyclic R-curve concept implemented in the Modified Nasgro equation for describing the crack growth behavior of an arbitrary crack length. The results show that the life predictions performed by means of the Modified Nasgro equation coincide well with the experimental results with an underestimation of the residual lifetime less than 32%, while the traditional Nasgro equation leads to significant overestimation (≈120%) of the residual lifetime for load spectra close to the in service scenario.

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“…[ 1–4 ] In the last years, to improve rail performance and to prevent undesired failures, railway companies have spent millions of dollars trying to improve the rail manufacturing process. As the rail life is strongly affected by wear and fatigue mechanisms, [ 5,6 ] many companies have been working toward improvements on the wear and fatigue resistance of the pearlitic rails; nowadays, they apply the concept of head‐hardened rails. Air‐cooled rails have coarser pearlitic interlamellar spacing and relatively low hardness values, around 300 HB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Isothermal Phase Transformations in Premium and Standard Rail Steels

Rodrigues

Mourão

Faria

2020

steel research int.

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Recently published articles have enhanced the importance of understanding phase transformations in rail eutectoid steels in an attempt to improve their manufacturing and welding processes. Herein, the kinetics of isothermal phase transformations of three eutectoid steels used in railways around the world are evaluated. Computer simulations are performed to evaluate the effect of steel chemical compositions on phase transformations considering thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Austenitizing temperatures under continuous heating and the time intervals of isothermal austenite decomposition are measured by dilatometry. The time–temperature–transformation diagrams are determined. Qualitative and quantitative microscopy techniques are applied to characterize the phase transformation products. It is shown that by applying a well‐planned heat treatment, it is possible to obtain microstructural characteristics for a standard steel as refined as those achieved for premium steels. Empirical equations proposed in the literature to predict the Bs temperatures are applied, and the experimental values are compared. Using the dilatometry data, it is possible to determine the global activation energy for austenite–bainite transformation. Results show that premium steels have higher overall activation energy for austenite–bainite decomposition than what occurs in standard. This article presents unpublished data useful for steel researchers as well for rail manufacturers and welders.

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Experimental validation of railway axle fatigue crack growth using operational loading

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Ductile Fracture Prediction in Cross-Wedge Rolling of Rail Axles

Ductile Fracture Prediction in Cross-Wedge Rolling of Rail Axles

Investigation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Full-Scale Railway Axles Subjected to Service Load Spectra: Experiments and Predictive Models

Kinetics of Isothermal Phase Transformations in Premium and Standard Rail Steels

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