Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection of swine: Extent of infection and immunological response

Redelman, Doug; Nichol, Stuart T.; Klieforth, Robert B.; Maaten, M Van der; Whetstone, C A

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(89)90080-9

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Failure to detect virus in blood via isolation is consistent with experimental studies in swine 5,8,13,15 , and, to date, viremia sufficient to infect biological insect vectors has not been documented in any domestic animal infected with VSNJV or VSIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Experimental Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection in Horses: Effect of Route of Inoculation and Virus Serotype

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Horses were inoculated with Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey and Indiana viruses by routes simulating contact and vector transmission. Clinical signs, lesions, antibody development, viral shedding and persistence, and viremia were monitored. Horses were infected with both viruses by all routes as confirmed by seroconversion. Salivation, primary lesions at inoculation sites, and secondary oral lesions were the most common clinical findings. Viral shedding was most often from the oral cavity, followed by the nasal cavity; titers were highest from oral cavity samples. Virus was rarely isolated from the conjunctival sac and never from feces or blood. Development of neutralizing antibody coincided with cessation of lesion development and detection of virus by isolation. Circulating virus-specific IgM, IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies developed in most animals postinoculation (PI) days 6 to 12, depending on the route of inoculation. At postmortem (PI days 12 to 15), lesions were healing, were not vesicular, and did not contain detectable virus by isolation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, or immunohistochemistry. Numerous infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells suggested that lesion resolution was partially due to local immunity. Detection of viral RNA from tonsil and lymph nodes of head at necropsy suggests that these tissues play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease; molecular techniques targeting these tissues may be useful for confirming infection in resolving stages of disease. The routes of inoculation used in this study reflect the diversity of transmission routes that may occur during outbreaks and can be used to further study contact and vector transmission, vaccine development, and clarify pathogenesis of the disease in horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Horses infected with VSNJV and VSIV had similar findings at necropsy (PI days [12][13][14][15]. Lesions in the area of oral mucosa scarification were healed, although the area was discolored in some animals.…”

Section: Necropsy Findingsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Experimental Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection in Horses: Effect of Route of Inoculation and Virus Serotype

et al. 2006

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“…Virus was recovered from the tonsillar tissues of the high-dose pigs 10 days PI, which was 6 days after seroconversion and several days after the clinical recovery of pig E. Ten days PI is also several days later than previously reported for swine with experimental vesicular stomatitis infection. 11,12,17 Thus, tonsillar tissue may serve as a source of virus for contact transmission from clinically normal seropositive pigs for an extended period of time. The greatest amounts of virus were found in vesicular fluid, which therefore represents a tremendous although transient source of virus for contact transmission.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection of Swine with a Sandfly (Lutzomyia Shannoni) Isolate of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, New Jersey Serotype

1996

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which shows that D. marsupialis could play a role in the epidemiology of the virus, and it leaves the door open for future studies about its use as an animal model for the infection and the illness. Even though Sus scrofa (domestic pig), a natural host for VSV infection, has also been used and proposed as a good model to study mechanisms of viral pathogenesis for this agent (Redelman et al, 1989), the opossum D. marsupialis may also be considered a good and convenient model, based on low sustainability expenses, high prolific capability, its abundance in tropic areas of the world where VSV is endemic, and its adaptability to be kept in farms under captivity or laboratory conditions (De Souza et al, 1992;Jaramillo et al, 1992;Cuartas and Muñ oz, 2003). Didelphis marsupialis could become an excellent alternative to the domestic species in the investigation of routes of infection and dissemination of VSV under natural conditions and could help to experimentally test the real capacity of vectors in the transmission of this virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection of Didelphis Marsupialis With Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus

Trujillo

Rodrı́guez

Rodas

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Although vesicular stomatitis has been present for many years in the Americas, many aspects of its natural history remain undefined. In this study, we challenged five adult Virginia opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) with vesicular stomatitis New Jersey serotype virus (VSNJV). Opossums had no detectable antibodies against VSNJV prior to being inoculated with 10 6.5 median tissue culture infective doses (TCID 50 ) of VSNJV by two routes; intraepithelial/subepithelial (IE/ SE) inoculation and scarification in the muzzle (SM). Clinical response was monitored daily and animals were tested for viral shedding. All infected animals developed vesicles and ulcers on the tongue and inflammation of the nasal alar folds. Virus was isolated from esophagus-pharynx, nasal, and from ocular swabs and lesions samples. The failure to detect viremia in these animals indicates that a source other than blood may be required for transmission to insect vectors. Our results suggest that D. marsupialis could play a role in the maintenance of VSNJV outside of domestic animal populations and could provide a model to study vesicular stomatitis virus pathogenesis.

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Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection of swine: Extent of infection and immunological response

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection in Horses: Effect of Route of Inoculation and Virus Serotype

Experimental Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection in Horses: Effect of Route of Inoculation and Virus Serotype

Experimental Infection of Swine with a Sandfly (Lutzomyia Shannoni) Isolate of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, New Jersey Serotype

Experimental Infection of Didelphis Marsupialis With Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus

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