Experimental warming enhances the carbon gain but does not affect the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain

Zheng, Yunpu; Guo, Lili; Hou, Ruixing; Zhou, Haoran; Hao, Lu; Li, Fēi; Dong-juan, Cheng; Peng, Zhengping; Xu, Minggang

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2018.02.001

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The increase of mean SPAD (3.8%) under the warming condition was in agreement with that of 3.5-6.4% reported in [7]. The reason may be that warming substantially increased chloroplast width and thus significantly enhanced the chloroplast area and mitochondria area [20]. The higher SPAD value before 60 DAT could greatly stimulate the photosynthesis rate under 2 • C warming, which resulted in an evident increase of transpiration with respect to that under the T-control during this period [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, regional differences in the response of crop productivity to climate change occurred worldwide [21]. Experimental warming did not affect the yield of maize in the North China Plain indicated by [20]. It was found that warming would decrease WUE by 2-36% in different maize regions in China [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Numerous field experimental studies found increases in transpiration rate and water consumption of crops [15][16][17][18] but reductions in grain yields, plant height and leaf area index [7,19] or little change in crop yield [20] under warming. Model simulations also indicated that warming would reduce crop yield [1,10,[21][22][23]].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Responses of Water Fluxes and Water-Use Efficiency of Maize to Warming Based on Water Transformation Dynamical Processes Experimental Device (WTDPED) Experiment

Song

et al. 2018

Water

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Evaluating the impacts of warming on water balance components in the groundwater-soilplant-atmosphere continuum (GSPAC) and crop growth are crucial for assessing the risk of water resources and food security under future global warming. A water transformation dynamical processes experimental device (WTDPED) was developed using a chamber coupled with a weighing lysimeter and groundwater supply system, which could simultaneously control both climatic and ground-water level conditions and accurately monitor water fluxes in the GSPAC. Two experiments with maize under increased temperature by 2 • C (T-warm) and ambient temperature (T-control) scenarios were conducted via the WTDPED. The duration of growing season decreased from 125 days under T-control to 117 days under 2 • C warming. There was little difference of total evapotranspiration (ET) (332.6 mm vs. 332.5 mm), soil water storage change (∆W) (−119.0 mm vs. −119.0 mm), drainage (D) (−13.6 mm vs. −13.5 mm) between T-control and T-warm experiments. The average daily ET for maize significantly increased by approximately 6.7% (p < 0.05) in the T-warm experiment, especially during the sixth leaf to tasseling-silking stage with an increase of 0.36 mm with respect to the T-control experiment. There were evident decreases in LAI (leaf area index), whereas non-significant decreases in mean stem diameter, crop height and leaf chlorophyll content under T-warm compared to T-control experiment. However, the chlorophyll content increased by 12% during the sixth leaf to tasseling-silking stage under 2 • C warming, which accelerated the photosynthesis and transpiration rate. The grain yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) for maize increased by 11.0% and 11.1% in the T-warm experiment, respectively, especially due to enhanced growth during the sixth leaf to tasseling-silking stage. This study provided important references for agricultural planting and water management to adapt to a warming environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Responses of Water Fluxes and Water-Use Efficiency of Maize to Warming Based on Water Transformation Dynamical Processes Experimental Device (WTDPED) Experiment

Song

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs, sum of soluble sugar and starch) stores play a functional role for plant metabolism under stress (Dietze et al 2014). Several studies found that warming may increase (Djanaguiraman et al 2011;Zheng et al 2018), decrease (Tang et al 2016), or have little effect (Marias et al 2016) on the concentration of NSCs in plants. In the present study, warming induced an increase of NSCs in leaves of S. rehderianum and M. breviflora, stems of S. superba and S. rehderianum, roots of I. chinensis, and concurrent with a decrease of NSCs in roots of M. breviflora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming effects on morphological and physiological performances of four subtropical montane tree species

Yue

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message In a downward transplantation experiment, warming stimulated growth and photosynthesis of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Syzygium rehderianum Merr. et Perry and Itea chinensis Hook. et Arn. via increased stomatal conductance. Warming had no effect on growth of Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl., indicating species-specific differences in response to warming. & Context Climate change has been shown to shift species composition and community structure in subtropical forests. Thus, understanding the species-specific responses of growth and physiological processes to warming is essential. & Aims To investigate how climate warming affects growth, morphological and physiological performance of co-occurring tree species when they are growing at different altitudes. & Methods Soils and 1-year-old seedlings of four subtropical co-occurring tree species (Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Syzygium rehderianum Merr. et Perry, Itea chinensis Hook. et Arn. and Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl.) were transplanted to three altitudes (600 m, 300 m and 30 m a.s.l.), inducing an effective warming of 1.0°C and 1.5°C. Growth, morphological, and physiological performances of these seedlings were monitored. & Results When exposed to warmer conditions, aboveground growth of the four species except M. breviflora was strongly promoted, accompanied by increased light-saturated photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Warming also significantly increased concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves of S. rehderianum and M. breviflora, stems of S. superba and S. rehderianum, and roots of I. chinensis. However, we did not detect any effect of warming on stomatal length and stomatal density. & Conclusion Our results provide evidence that climate warming could have species-specific impacts on co-occurring tree species, which might subsequently shift species composition and forest structure.

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“…Temperature changes break the balance between photosynthesis and respiration [24,25]. NW had positive [26,27], negative effects [28], and no effect [28] on the photosynthetic rates. The results from this experiment showed that nocturnal warming did not affect the Pn at the blister stage or the early grain-filling stage during both seasons (Figure 7).…”

Section: Photosynthesis and Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Field Simulating Nocturnal Warming on Summer Maize Performance in the North China Plain

et al. 2021

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Climate changes show asymmetrical warming, and warming is typically greater at night than during the day. To understand how nocturnal warming (NW) affects the performance of maize (Zea mays L.), an open-field experiment with a free air temperature increase (FATI) facility was conducted for three seasons during 2014 to 2016 at Luancheng eco-agro-experimental station on the North China Plain (NCP). Three nocturnal warming scenarios were set up: the entire growing period (T1, from V4 to maturity), only the vegetative stages (T2, from V4 to a week presilking) and the reproductive stages (T3, from a week presilking to R6). The treatment without NW was the control. Maize lodged seriously in 2015 due to heavy rainfall combined with strong winds, and the experiment failed. The results from 2014 and 2016 were analyzed in this study. During the experimental duration, the average nocturnal temperature was increased by approximately 3.6 and 3.3 °C at 150 cm height and 2.0 and 1.7 °C at the soil surface during the vegetative stages. The corresponding increases were 2.1 and 2.5 °C and 0.7 and 1.2 °C at the soil surface during the reproductive stages in 2014 and 2016, respectively, as compared with that of the CK treatment. NW during the whole growth period significantly decreased maize yield for the two seasons. Treatment T2 had a smaller impact on maize yield than T1 and T3. The silking stage was delayed by 2 days in 2014 and 2016 under T1. As a result, presilking duration and VT-R1 interval were prolonged by 1–2 days; and the postsilking duration were shortened by 1–3 days under T1. The soil moisture in the warmed plots was slightly lower than that in the control plots in the 2014 and during the stages before the earlier grain-filling stages in 2016, but NW decreased soil water content greatly at the later grain-filling stages in 2016, which caused the fast green leaf senescence and exacerbated the negative effects of NW on maize yield. NW for the whole growth duration (T1) significantly decreased seed weight and harvest index. NW increased leaf nighttime respiration rate in both seasons. No significant effects of NW on ear leaf net photosynthesis, leaf area, and specific leaf weight at early grain-filling stage were observed, irrespective of the warming stage and season. The results suggested that reproductive stages were more sensitive to NW compared to vegetative stages under the growing conditions of NCP. The negative effects of NW were worsened in dry seasons. The reduction in maize yield with nocturnal warming was driven by the reduction in the aboveground carbon allocation from shoot to grain during postanthesis stage.

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Experimental warming enhances the carbon gain but does not affect the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Responses of Water Fluxes and Water-Use Efficiency of Maize to Warming Based on Water Transformation Dynamical Processes Experimental Device (WTDPED) Experiment

Responses of Water Fluxes and Water-Use Efficiency of Maize to Warming Based on Water Transformation Dynamical Processes Experimental Device (WTDPED) Experiment

Warming effects on morphological and physiological performances of four subtropical montane tree species

Open Field Simulating Nocturnal Warming on Summer Maize Performance in the North China Plain

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