Experimentally Induced ClinicalCystoisospora canisCoccidiosis in Dogs with Prior Natural PatentCystoisospora ohioensis–like orC. canisInfections

Houk, Alice E.; O’Connor, Thomas P.; Pena, Hilda Fátima de Jesus; Gennari, Solange Maria; Zajac, Anne M.; Lindsay, David S.

doi:10.1645/13-197.1

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…which did not respond to NTZ treatment. Infections caused by coccidia are associated with abnormal faecal consistency and deterioration of faecal scores [ 40 , 41 ]. The presence of coccidia in the stool of dogs could account for the abnormal consistency of stool specimens despite anti- Giardia treatment, supporting the hypothesis of the potential significance of cystoisosporosis as an associated cause of diarrhea in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of nitazoxanide to treat natural Giardia infections in dogs

et al. 2017

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Background Giardia parasites cause gastrointestinal disease in humans, dogs, and many other animals worldwide. The treatment of dogs for giardiasis requires further investigation to ascertain levels of drug efficacy and the possibility of adverse side effects. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has shown good clinical anti-Giardia activity in humans, yet it has not been evaluated for the treatment of giardiasis in dogs.MethodsThirty-five dogs, naturally infected with Giardia were divided into five groups (n = 7): dogs in group NTZ1, NTZ2, and NTZ3 were treated with a single oral dose of 37.5 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg, respectively, of NTZ on days 0 and 14. The fourth group was treated with a commercially available regimen that includes a combination of pyrantel, praziquantel, and febantel (FEB) administered orally for three consecutive days. Additionally, an untreated control group was established. Giardia cysts from the stool of each dog were quantified on days -3, 0, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18, 25, and 28. Biochemical parameters were evaluated in all dogs, before the first treatment and after concluding the experiment.ResultsShedding of Giardia cysts was reduced in all treated groups when compared to untreated controls (P < 0.01). However, NTZ2, NTZ3, and FEB had a lower risk during the study. Furthermore, NTZ was also effective against another protozoan, Cryptosporidium spp. at doses of 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, in contrast to the combination of febantel + pyrantel + praziquantel. Biochemical parameters of treated animals, namely, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase enzymes, remained within physiological ranges.ConclusionsBased on these results, the implementation of NTZ as a treatment for giardiasis in dogs is proposed. The administration of a single dose is an important advantage of NTZ because it reduces workload, particularly in animals placed in shelters and kennels, where handling of large numbers of animals is required, and personnel is frequently scarce.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 51 ]. Therefore, broad-spectrum drug formulations are most suitable in these cases [ 41 ]. Indeed, NTZ administered at a dose of 75 mg/kg could represent a suitable drug for use under these circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of nitazoxanide to treat natural Giardia infections in dogs

et al. 2017

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“…Parasites were identified by size and characteristic morphology. For differentiation of the Cystoisospora species, Cytoisospora canis (size > 33 µm) was differentiated from species belonging to the C. ohioensis complex (size < 30 µm), based on the size of oocysts [ 13 ]. Each coverslip and Kinyoun-stained smear was examined separately by two trained morphologists (SG and RSB).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Intestinal Parasites of Domestic Dogs in Central Queensland

Gillespie

Bradbury

2017

TropicalMed

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Australia has a very high rate of dog ownership, which in some circumstances may lead to exposure to zoonotic parasitic diseases from those companion animals. Domestic dog faecal samples (n = 300) were collected from public spaces and private property in the greater Rockhampton (Central Queensland) region and tested for intestinal helminths and protozoa by direct microscopy, two flotation methods and a modified acid-fast stain for cryptosporidia. Intestinal parasites detected included hookworms (25%), Cystoisospora ohioensis complex (9%), Blastocystis hominis (3%), Giardia duodenalis (3%), Spirometra erinacei (1%) and Toxocara canis (1%), Sarcocystis spp. (2%), Cryptosporidium spp. (2%) and Cystoisospora canis (1%). One infection each with Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum and a protozoa belonging to the Entamoeba histolytica complex were identified. Sheather’s sucrose centrifugal flotation was more sensitive than saturated salt passive flotation, but no single test detected all cases of parasitic infection identified. The test methodologies employed are poor at recovering larva of Strongyloides stercoralis, Aleurostrongylus abstrussis and eggs of cestodes such as Echinococcus granulosis, so the potential presence of these parasites in Central Queensland domestic dogs cannot be excluded by this survey alone.

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“…Cystoisospora spp. infections often cause diarrhea and sometimes more severe symptoms, such as bloody stool, vomiting, fever, and weight loss [ 49 , 50 ]. Finally, Ancylostoma caninum infections vary from asymptomatic cases to fatal cases of exsanguination and anemia [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the free-roaming dog population and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in Tulúm, México

Lyons

Malhotra²,

Thompson³

2022

PLoS ONE

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Free-roaming domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) pose major conservation and public health risks worldwide. To better understand the threat of domestic dogs to wildlife and people and add to the growing literature on free-roaming dog ecology, a study was conducted to estimate the dog population in Tulúm, México. A modified mark-recapture technique and program MARK were used to obtain dog population estimates along six different transects dividing the city. Population estimates ranged from 19.75 dogs in one transect to 101.841 dogs in another, with 150 total dogs identified throughout the study and an estimated minimum population density of 48.57 dogs/km2. Fecal samples were also opportunistically collected for parasite identification through fecal flotation analysis using the McMaster technique. Out of 25 samples collected, 19 tested positive for gastrointestinal parasites with the most common species found being Ancylostoma caninum, followed by Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, and Cystoisospora spp. Parasite loads ranged from 50 to 10,700 ova per gram of feces. The large population of free-roaming dogs and the prevalence of three zoonotic parasites highlight the importance of understanding free-roaming dog ecology and educating the public on the health risks free-roaming dogs pose. Los perros callejeros (Canis lupus familiaris) representan un gran riesgo para la conservación de animales y la salud pública mundialmente. Para comprender mejor la amenaza que significan los perros domésticos para la fauna silvestre y los humanos y aportar a la creciente bibliografía sobre la ecología de los perros callejeros, se realizó una investigación para estimar la población de los perros en Tulúm, México. Se utilizó una técnica modificada de marcado y recaptura junto con el programa MARK para estimar la población canina en seis transectos de la ciudad. Los estimados varían desde 19.75 perros en un transecto hasta 101,841 en otro, con un total de 150 perros identificados en el transcurso de la investigación y una densidad mínima estimada de 48,57 perros/km2. Además, se hizo una recolección oportunista de muestras de heces para la identificación de parásitos por medio del análisis de flotacíon fecal, con el método McMaster. De las 25 muestras recolectadas, 19 resultaron positivas para parásitos gastrointestinales, de las cuales las especies más comunes fueron Ancylostomoa caninum, seguida por Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, y Cystoisospora spp. Las cargas parasitarias variaron desde 50 hasta 10.700 óvulos por gramo de heces. La alta población de perros callejeros y la prevalencia de tres enfermedades zoonóticas resaltan la importancia de entender la ecología de los perros callejeros y educar al público sobre los riesgos que significan los perros callejeros para la salud.

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Experimentally Induced ClinicalCystoisospora canisCoccidiosis in Dogs with Prior Natural PatentCystoisospora ohioensis–like orC. canisInfections

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Efficacy of nitazoxanide to treat natural Giardia infections in dogs

Efficacy of nitazoxanide to treat natural Giardia infections in dogs

A Survey of Intestinal Parasites of Domestic Dogs in Central Queensland

Investigating the free-roaming dog population and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in Tulúm, México

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