Experimentally simulating high-rate behaviour: rate and temperature effects in polycarbonate and PMMA

Kendall, J.‐M.; Siviour, Clive R.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0202

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The PPVC-6 rate-dependent stress-strain behaviour between 100 and 1770 s −1 presents a transition from a leathery response to a response that combines the leathery response and the glassy response-a glassy polymer yield with post-yield strain softening is not visible. It is worth noting the similarity of the PPVC-6 stress-strain response at −20 • C and the high-rate responses of PPVC-6 centred at 2000 s −1 , connections such as these highlight the interplay between temperature and strain rate which were exploited and used as the foundation for the simulation method presented previously by Kendall & Siviour [22,23].…”

Section: Results and Discussion (A) Uniaxial Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rate dependence of poly(vinyl chloride), the effects of plasticizer and time–temperature superposition

Kendall

Siviour

2014

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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Four different poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials varying in plasticizer content were studied in a combined experimental and analytical investigation including uniaxial compression tests at strain rates ranging from 10 −3 to 10 4 s −1 at room temperature, and temperatures ranging from −115 to 100 • C at a rate of 10 −2 s −1 . Additional tests using a dynamic mechanical and thermal analyser were conducted on each PVC material to give a more detailed analysis of temperature and rate dependence. Adjusting the plasticizer content allows the temperature at which transitions, specifically the α-transition, or 'glass transition', and β-transition, occur to be moved in order to better examine the interplay of temperature and strain rate dependence. This program of research is then extended to time-temperature superposition where a novel application and interpretation of an established superposition method is presented.

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Section: Results and Discussion (A) Uniaxial Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enabled them to reproduce the high-rate stress-strain response of a PVC in quasi-static experiments with excellent agreement. More recently, this technique has been applied to PC and PMMA [23].…”

Section: (B) Time-temperature Superpositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate dependence of poly(vinyl chloride), the effects of plasticizer and time–temperature superposition

Kendall

Siviour

2014

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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“…Recently, Kendall and Siviour have shown that this approach faithfully allows the high rate behavior of PVC to be replicated in low rate experiments [94]. Furthermore, they have shown that whilst the high rate behavior of PC and PMMA can be replicated, this requires DT be modified from that predicted by the above equation, implying that there are further processes in these materials which affect the energy partition during deformation [124]. Finally, preliminary data have shown that this technique might prove effective in composite materials in which one component is temperature and rate dependent whilst the other is independent of these conditions [190].…”

Section: Dt Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At higher strains, resistance to polymer chain alignment causes strain hardening in the material [96]. However, with increasing strain rate, this strain hardening effect is balanced by adiabatic heating in the material, which ultimately dominates over the hardening from resistance to polymer chain alignment [94,96,124,130,137,142]. Finally, in the case of PMMA (Fig.…”

Section: Glassy Amorphous Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several glassy polymers that have been extensively studied at high strain rate in the literature, including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [16,95,100,[123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132], polycarbonate (PC) [15, 18-20, 100, 110, 124, 126, 127, 133-136], polyvinylchloride (PVC) [137,138] and varying classes of epoxy [23,74,[139][140][141]. The large number of studies on a ''single'' material indicates that it is critical to understand the pedigree of the polymer being tested, including processing history and storage.…”

Section: Glassy Amorphous Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Strain Rate Mechanics of Polymers: A Review

Siviour

Jordan

2016

J. dynamic behavior mater.

284

121

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The mechanical properties of polymers are becoming increasingly important as they are used in structural applications, both on their own and as matrix materials for composites. It has long been known that these mechanical properties are dependent on strain rate, temperature, and pressure. In this paper, the methods for dynamic loading of polymers will be briefly reviewed. The high strain rate mechanical properties of several classes of polymers, i.e. glassy and rubbery amorphous polymers and semi-crystalline polymers will be reviewed. Additionally, time-temperature superposition for rate dependent large strain properties and pressure dependence in polymers will be discussed. Constitutive modeling and shock properties of polymers will not be discussed in this review.

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A Macro-Damaged Viscoelastoplastic Model for Thermomechanical and Rate-Dependent Behavior of Glassy Polymers

Yao

Tan

et al. 2016

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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Macromolecular Materials and Engineeringare also widely applied in medical and electronic areas. As known to all, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC), as the most representative members in glassy polymers family, generally undergo complex loading conditions when they are on practical service. Particularly, polymer materials are used to performing strong sensitivity to strain rate, temperature, and pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experiments to study the mechanical behavior of PC and PMMA under different loading modes over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. Additionally, a thermomechanical and rate-dependent constitutive model should be proposed to catch characteristics of these kind of glassy polymers for better understanding their property for improvement their design for safer engineering application.Enormous documented efforts have been made on above investigations. On the aspects of experiment, Dar et al. [ 1 ] obtained true compressive stress-strain curves varying from 10 −3 to 10 3 s −1 and 213 to 393 K and summarized the normal trend of yield and fl ow stress and initial modulus following with the strain rate and temperature. Cao et al. [ 2 ] employed the developed split Hopkinson tension The primary objective of this paper is to develop a macro-damaged viscoelastoplastic constitutive model to describe large deformation mechanical behavior for glassy polymers at various kinds of experimental conditions. First of all, quasi-static and dynamic tension and compression tests were carried out to obtain stress-strain responses over wide range of rates and temperatures for two glassy polymeric materials, polymethylmethacrylate and polycarbonate. Then a phenomenological macroscopic damage model, covering effects of strain rates, temperatures, and effective strain, is incorporated into the constitutive model in the previous work. Furthermore, two distinct criteria are applied to predict the damage evolution affected by strain rate and temperature at elastic phase and plastic phase, respectively. The validations of the novel developed damaged model are made by the better matches with the testing data compared with the original undamaged model, and excellent agreements with the experimental result in all cases.

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Experimentally simulating high-rate behaviour: rate and temperature effects in polycarbonate and PMMA

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

Rate dependence of poly(vinyl chloride), the effects of plasticizer and time–temperature superposition

Rate dependence of poly(vinyl chloride), the effects of plasticizer and time–temperature superposition

High Strain Rate Mechanics of Polymers: A Review

A Macro-Damaged Viscoelastoplastic Model for Thermomechanical and Rate-Dependent Behavior of Glassy Polymers

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