Experiments in Electrotherapy for Pain Relief Using a Novel Modality Concept

Cevei, P.; Cevei, Mariana; Jivet, I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22586-4_35

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[6] This way, muscles can be exercised, blood ow in the extremities can be increased and pain sensations can be suppressed. [7][8][9][10] Stimulation electrodes must meet the requirement of having a low impedance and low impedance variation to enable an ideally painfree stimulation and avoid skin burns. [11,12] Further, a low impedance reduces the power consumption as lower stimulation intensities are required, which is especially relevant because most devices are battery-driven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Electrolyte concentration and amount on the Performance of Textile Electrodes in Electrostimulation: a systematic study

Euler

Guo

Persson

2022

Preprint

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Background: Textile-based stimulation electrodes are a fast-growing research area. With their advantages including reusability and the possibility for integration into garments, textile electrodes open up new possibilities that are not yet feasible today, e.g. various self-administrated treatments and rehabilitation based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). So far, most research has shown that textile-based stimulation electrodes perform more reliable when wetted with an electrolyte. However, there is no systematic investigation about which type and amount of electrolyte to use. Methods: In this study, double-layered textile electrodes have been produced by machine knitting with a size of 3x3 cm2. The electrodes were wetted step-wise with a liquid amount from 5 µL up to 320 µL; four levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations, i.e. 0.9 %, 1.5 %, 5 % and 35 %, plus pure deionized water as a reference liquid were chosen. The study analyzed the behavior of the skin-electrode impedance when changing the moisture content and NaCl concentration. In addition, equivalent circuits were modelled for deeper insights into the mechanisms causing an impedance change.Results: Results showed that the impedance was greatly influenced by the liquid amount with amounts of 5 µL already significantly reducing the impedance compared to dry electrodes, caused by a substantial reduction in resistance. The reactance, on the other hand, was only partly influenced by the liquid amount showing a reduction upon higher liquid amounts only within a range of 5 – 40 µL. Further, a significant influence on the impedance by the presence of ions was found where the skin-electrode system wetted with saline NaCl solution were showing generally lower impedances than systems wetted with deionized water. However, within this, no remarkable influence of the NaCl concentration could be observed. Conclusion: Impedance was found to be very sensitive to the moisture content in the system, it is recommended to introduce standardizations for impedance testing of wet textile electrodes with precisely controlled electrolyte volumes and liquid migration properties to make independent studies of textile electrodes more comparable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Electrolyte concentration and amount on the Performance of Textile Electrodes in Electrostimulation: a systematic study

Euler

Guo

Persson

2022

Preprint

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“…1–3 It enables muscles to be exercised without the usual neurostimulation or to suppress pain sensations. 4–7 Different modalities of electrotherapy can be distinguished depending on the chosen stimulation parameters and the planned outcome. Stimuli can be internally or externally applied using different kinds of electrodes to create an electrical contact from the device to the treated body parts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of textile-based electrodes developed for electrostimulation

Euler

Guo

Persson

2021

Textile Research Journal

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Electrical stimulation can be used for the treatment of various nerve and muscle injuries as well as acute and chronic pain conditions. An electrical pulse is applied to a muscle or nerve to activate excitable tissue using internal or external electrodes with the aim of building muscle strength, artificially creating or supporting limb movement or reducing pain. Textile electrodes offer several advantages over conventionally used disposable surface electrodes: they are flexible and re-usable and they do not require hydrogels, thereby avoiding skin irritation and allergic reactions and enhancing user comfort. This article presents a literature review that assesses the state of research on textile electrode constructions. Based on the review, production approaches and designs are compared, methods for evaluating stimulation discomfort and pain are proposed and issues related to user compliance are discussed. The article concludes with suggestions for future work focused on investigating the impacts of textile-based electrode parameters on comfort, convenience and ease of use.

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Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the Opioid Addicted Patient

Brown

2015

Substance Abuse

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Experiments in Electrotherapy for Pain Relief Using a Novel Modality Concept

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Influence of the Electrolyte concentration and amount on the Performance of Textile Electrodes in Electrostimulation: a systematic study

Influence of the Electrolyte concentration and amount on the Performance of Textile Electrodes in Electrostimulation: a systematic study

A review of textile-based electrodes developed for electrostimulation

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the Opioid Addicted Patient

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