Experiments on real-life emotions challenge Ekman's model

Coppini, Sara; Lucifora, Chiara; Vicario, Carmelo M.; Gangemi, Aldo

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36201-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…Other directions for future research involve the integration of further methodological approaches into FC protocols. For example, it would be relevant to incorporate measures of disgust processing/disgust sensitivity, given the evidence linking 5-HT to this affective/interoceptive experience [ 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 ], and this could enhance our understanding of processes interlinked with affective learning, such as moral decision-making [ 194 , 195 , 196 ], and predict emotional reactions to negative outcomes [ 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Serotonin in Fear Learning and Memory: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

et al. 2023

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Fear is characterized by distinct behavioral and physiological responses that are essential for the survival of the human species. Fear conditioning (FC) serves as a valuable model for studying the acquisition, extinction, and expression of fear. The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system is known to play a significant role in emotional and motivational aspects of human behavior, including fear learning and expression. Accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that brain regions involved in FC, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, possess a high density of 5-HT receptors, implicating the crucial involvement of serotonin in aversive learning. Additionally, studies exploring serotonin gene polymorphisms have indicated their potential influence on FC. Therefore, the objective of this work was to review the existing evidence linking 5-HT with fear learning and memory in humans. Through a comprehensive screening of the PubMed and Web of Science databases, 29 relevant studies were included in the final review. These studies investigated the relationship between serotonin and fear learning using drug manipulations or by studying 5-HT-related gene polymorphisms. The results suggest that elevated levels of 5-HT enhance aversive learning, indicating that the modulation of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors regulates the expression of fear responses in humans. Understanding the role of this neurochemical messenger in associative aversive learning can provide insights into psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Serotonin in Fear Learning and Memory: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

et al. 2023

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Individual predictors of vaccine hesitancy in the Italian post COVID-19 pandemic era

Vicario,

Mucciardi,

Faraone

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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A wide range of survey studies have explored vaccination hesitancy/resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided evidence that this can be explained by several individual variables from the ideological, clinical, and socio-affective domain. However, evidence about which individual variables predict vaccine hesitancy in the post-pandemic state of COVID-19 is meager. We administered a battery of questionnaires to a group of 120 Italian participants with high and low scores on the adult vaccine hesitancy scale (aVHS) to investigate the predictive role of ideological (i.e. political orientation), clinical (i.e. anxiety, interoceptive accuracy), and socio-affective (i.e. alexithymia, disgust sensitivity/propensity, empathy) variables on vaccine hesitancy/resistance. This study provides evidence that lower interoceptive awareness and cognitive empathy are predictors of a greater hesitancy to get vaccinated in the post-pandemic COVID-19 state.

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An Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Multi-Class CSP

Yousefipour,

Rajabpour,

Abdoljabbari

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the field of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly in the area of emotion recognition using EEG signals. The majority of earlier research in this field has missed the spatial–temporal characteristics of EEG signals, which are critical for accurate emotion recognition. In this study, a novel approach is presented for classifying emotions into three categories, positive, negative, and neutral, using a custom-collected dataset. The dataset used in this study was specifically collected for this purpose from 16 participants, comprising EEG recordings corresponding to the three emotional states induced by musical stimuli. A multi-class Common Spatial Pattern (MCCSP) technique was employed for the processing stage of the EEG signals. These processed signals were then fed into an ensemble model comprising three autoencoders with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) layers. A classification accuracy of 99.44 ± 0.39% for the three emotional classes was achieved by the proposed method. This performance surpasses previous studies, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach. The high accuracy indicates that the method could be a promising candidate for future BCI applications, providing a reliable means of emotion detection.

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Experiments on real-life emotions challenge Ekman's model

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

The Role of Serotonin in Fear Learning and Memory: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

The Role of Serotonin in Fear Learning and Memory: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

Individual predictors of vaccine hesitancy in the Italian post COVID-19 pandemic era

An Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Multi-Class CSP

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