“…As an intelligent material, piezoelectric is typically used for additional sti ening and damping activities to inhibit unwanted vibration. To improve control performance, numerous active control algorithms have been proposed (e.g., neural network control [15], sliding mode control [16], fuzzy control [17][18][19], robust control [20,21], adaptive control [22,23], nonlinear control algorithm [17,24], and data-driven control [25]). Despite excellent micro-amplitude drive, intelligent materials exhibit a few shortcomings related to large stroke drive and control [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”