Experiments on the sedimentation front in steady particle-driven gravity currents

Prediction of particles deposition in a dilute quasi-steady gravity current by Lagrangian markers: effect of shear-induced lift force

“…This type of boundary condition is used to apply mirror-symmetry conditions in simulations and described by removal of the tangential stress, it means the fluxes across the symmetry are zero as well as the normal components of all variables, but flow is free to slide in tangential directions. According to our assumption, at upper surface momentum transport does (11) www.nature.com/scientificreports/ not occur and we do not expect considerable waves (the water surface in a windless condition in laboratory). So this type of boundary condition does not affect the behavior of the gravity current unless the symmetry plane is very close to the interest region, consequently, it can be assumed like a surface without momentum transport.…”

“…A homogeneous current is driven by compositional or temperature differences and a particle-driven current is driven by suspended particles 4 . Continuous particle-driven gravity currents frequently occur in natural settings for instance, seafloor turbidity currents, discharge of particles to the ocean by particle-laden rivers and lava flows 5 – 10 and in industrial settings for example in the oil and gas industry and water treatment facilities 11 . They play an important role in the transport of sediments in oceans or lakes 12 .…”

Genesis of electric field assisted microparticle assemblage in a dielectric fluid

“…2016). Fundamentally, such flows are also very attractive because of the physics associated with (i) the interplay of friction and surface tension dominated flows under weak inertial and gravitational influences (Marath & Subramanian 2018; Pierson & Magnaudet 2018; Wong, Lindstrom & Bertozzi 2019; Lippert & Woods 2020), (ii) the non-Newtonian nature of the flows embedded with particles (Mirzaeian & Alba 2018; Jiang & Chen 2019; Zade et al. 2020), (iii) liquid–particle or particle–particle interactions (Kasbaoui, Koch & Desjardins 2019; Dsouza & Nott 2020; Kumaran 2020; Zhang & Rival 2020) and (iv) diverse hydrodynamic, non-hydrodynamic and stochastic forces (Swan & Brady 2007, 2011).…”

Spreading and sedimentation from bottom-propagating particle-bearing jets

“…The presence of particles in turbulent jets and gravity currents is known to alter the flow dynamics significantly depending upon their concentration, density and diameter (Picano et al. 2011; Lee, Li & Lee 2013; Lippert & Woods 2020; Sutherland, Rosevear & Cenedese 2020). Even at low concentrations (with particle volume fractions less than 1 %), the dynamics for particle settling within a turbulent jet is known to be quite complex.…”

“…Likewise, the numerical study of a particle-bearing jet by Picano et al (2011) showed an enhanced concentration of particles near the jet axis, being largest when the local Stokes number (the ratio of the particle relaxation time to the integral time scale of the turbulent flow) was near unity. A recent study by Lippert & Woods (2020) examined particle settling in a gravity current driven by the buoyancy of the particles. They showed that the mixing near the top interface of the current governed the development of a particle-settling front provided the speed of the current was sufficiently large, but not too large, compared with the setting velocity.…”