Experiments with a homologous, inactivated canine parvovirus vaccine in vaccination programmes for dogs

Abstract

The significance of canine parvovirus (CPV) infections as a permanent threat susceptible dogs, in particular pups, made the authors develop three liquid homologous inactivated adjuvant CPV vaccines that were compatible with existing canine vaccines and could be incorporated in current vaccination programmes. On vaccine (Kavak Parvo) contained only the CPV component, the second product (Kavak i-LP) also contained two inactivated leptospiral antigens, and the third vaccine (Kavak i-HLP) contained in addition an inactivated canine hepatitis virus. This paper reports on the studies conducted to test the safety and efficacy of the three products. They were used as such and as diluents for freeze dried vaccines containing live attenuated measles, distemper, and hepatitis viruses. The study was performed in a breeding kennel where all dogs were free from CPV antibodies and the nonvaccinated sentinels remained so for the course of the study. All vaccines proved to be safe in dogs of all ages, including pregnant bitches. The efficacy of the CPV component was studied both by monitoring antibody titres for more than a year and by challenge exposure of some dogs to virulent CPV. The results obtained from these studies prove that the CPV component used in the three vaccines can be incorporated as indicated in the recommended canine vaccination programmes. The observations that the inactivated CPV and hepatitis components do induce an active immunity in pups that are still protected by low levels of maternally derived antibodies against these viruses, make those vaccines very suitable in breeding kennels. Additional studies on a comparative basis are being continued in edemically CPV infected breeding kennels to quantify the significance of these observations in these special conditions.

A Longitudinal Study of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Pigs Infected with Porcine Parvovirus

“…Because inactivated vaccines induce predominantly humoral responses and inactivated vaccines against canine (CPV), feline (FPV), mink (MEV), and porcine (PPV) parvoviruses are highly effective, antibodies are generally thought to constitute an important protective mechanism against parvoviral infection (36,39,41,43). However, it has been reported that under special circumstances, such as in animals surviving intrauterine infection, PPV can persist despite high levels of antiviral antibodies (12).…”

Two-Shots of Immunization Effectively Induce Protective IgG against Canine Parvo-Viral Infection

“…It was observed that the baseline sera had some anti-Parvo virus IgG. This could be due to maternal antibody transfer that was sustained in the puppies while we collected samples [29]. Findings of the current study also suggest that the dogs received single or double dose of parvo virus vaccine induced IgG generation, indicating the presence of IgG-inducible parvo virus antigen in the vaccine Nobivac Dog® that were maintained proper cool chain during transportation from lab to dog.…”

Prognostic values of physical and hematological parameters of dogs naturally infected with parvovirus PVC-2: retrospective study of 103 cases

“…Both groups had mean PLT within the reference range (Table 3). The significant decrease (P<0.03) in PLT for the severely leukopenic group in M2-3 can be attributed to decreased bone marrow production and/or increased consumption/ destruction (Wilson and Hermann-Dekkers, 1982).…”