Experiments with energetic ?d and ?t emitted from solid hydrogen

Marshall, G. M.; Beveridge, J. L.; Bailey, J. M.; Beer, G. A.; Knowles, P.; Mason, G. R.; Olin, Å.; Brewer, J. H.; Forster, B. M.; Huber, T. M.; Pippitt, B.; Jacot‐Guillarmod, R.; Schellenberg, L.; Kammel, P.; Zmeskal, J.; Kunselman, A. R.; Martoff, C. J.; Petitjean, C.

doi:10.1007/bf01027988

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The following considerations concern the solid deuterium crystals used in the TRIUMF experiments [32,33], though the results presented below can be applied to targets obtained in similar conditions [12,34]. At TRIUMF thin solid deuterium layers have been formed by rapid freezing of gaseous D 2 on gold foils at T = 3 K and zero pressure.…”

Section: Resonant Formation In Frozen Deuteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonantddμformation in condensed deuterium

Adamczak

Faǐfman

2001

Phys. Rev. A

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The rate of ddµ muonic molecule resonant formation in dµ atom collision with a condensed deuterium target is expressed in terms of a single-particle response function. In particular, ddµ formation in solid deuterium at low pressures is considered. Numerical calculations of the rate in the case of fcc polycrystalline deuterium at 3 K have been performed using the isotropic Debye model of solid. It is shown that the energy-dependent ddµ formation rates in the solid differ strongly from those obtained for D 2 gaseous targets, even at high dµ kinetic energies. Monte Carlo neutron spectra from dd fusion in ddµ molecules have been obtained for solid targets with different concentrations of ortho-and para-deuterium. The recent experimental results performed in low pressure solid targets (statistical mixture of ortho-D 2 and para-D 2 ) are explained by the presence of strong recoilless resonance peaks in the vicinity of 2 meV and very slow deceleration of dµ atoms below 10 meV. A good agreement between the calculated and experimental spectra is achieved when a broadening of D 2 rovibrational levels in solid deuterium is taken into account. It has been shown that resonant ddµ formation with simultaneous phonon creation in solid gives only about 10% contribution to the fusion neutron yield. The neutron time spectra calculated for pure ortho-D 2 and para-D 2 targets are very similar. A practically constant value of the mean ddµ formation rate, observed for different experimental conditions, is ascribed to the fact that all the recent measurements have been performed at temperatures T 19 K, much lower than the target Debye temperature Θ D ≈ 110 K. In result, the formation rate, obtained in the limit T /Θ D ≪ 1, depends weakly on the temperature.

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Section: Resonant Formation In Frozen Deuteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonantddμformation in condensed deuterium

Adamczak

Faǐfman

2001

Phys. Rev. A

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“…An asymmetric non-uniformity was observed in all films, while deposition conditions (such as pumping of the high vacuum region surrounding the target, or change in gas deposition rate) did not affect the thickness or uniformity. Deposition from one side of the diffuser did not contaminate the cold plate on the other side to a limit of one part in a thousand, enabling experiments using two separated solid hydrogen targets [5]. No evidence was seen for the change in the film thickness over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel target system has been developed at TRIUMF for making films of solid hydrogen isotopes and other gases for experiments in muon catalyzed fusion [1][2][3]. Several measurements have been reported using the apparatus [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and more are proposed for the future [13][14][15][16][17]. Similar layers of solid hydrogen isotopes have been utilized in an attempt to produce a source of low energy negative muons [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of solidified gas thin film targets via alpha particle energy loss

Fujiwara

Beer

Beveridge

et al. 1997

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A method is reported for measuring the thickness and uniformity of thin films of solidified gas targets. The energy of α particles traversing the film is measured and the energy loss is converted to thickness using the stopping power. The uniformity is determined by measuring the thickness at different positions with an array of sources. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to study the film deposition mechanism. Thickness calibrations for a TRIUMF solid hydrogen target system are presented.

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“…In this article, we shall focus on the reactions of muonic hydrogen atoms and molecules, and their energy dependent properties revealed by a newly developed time-of-flight spectroscopy technique [2,3,4,5], with particular emphasis on reactions related to muon catalyzed fusion phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms and Molecules

et al.

Self Cite

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Abstract. Studies of muonic hydrogen atoms and molecules have been performed traditionally in bulk targets of gas, liquid or solid. At TRIUMF, Canada's meson facility, we have developed a new type of target system using multilayer thin films of solid hydrogen, which provides a beam of muonic hydrogen atoms in vacuum. Using the time-of-flight of the muonic atoms, the energy-dependent information of muonic reactions are obtained in direct manner. We discuss some unique measurements enabled by the new technique, with emphasis on processes relevant to muon catalyzed fusion.

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Experiments with energetic ?d and ?t emitted from solid hydrogen

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Resonantddμformation in condensed deuterium

Resonantddμformation in condensed deuterium

Characterization of solidified gas thin film targets via alpha particle energy loss

Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms and Molecules

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