Expert opinion on the pharmacological management of multiple sclerosis in women of childbearing age in Iraq

Hassoun, Hayder K.; Al-Mahdawi, Akram M.; Al-Bajalan, Sarwer Jamal; Sheaheed, Nawfal Madhi; Kamil, Mohammad A.S.; Ridha, Samer Mohammed Saeed; Al-Owath, Mazin M.H.; Abd, Muataz Fairooz; Al-Khammasi, Basim; Hasan, Zaki Noah; Hatem, Anmar Oday; Al-Naqshbandi, Murad; Rieckmann, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13350

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The results revealed that females were more susceptible to MS compared to males, several physiological and biological factors of females including menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and others were found to cause changes in hormones levels leading to impact the immune system [10,11]. On the other hand certain studies propose that the presence of two X chromosomes in females plays a crucial role in the production of myelin proteo-lipid protein (PLP), the predominant protein found in myelin of central nervous system, which is encoded by genes on the X chromosome and is a likely target of immune attack in MS. Also X chromosome may affect how its genes are expressed, leading to down regulating genes that provide protect versus autoimmunity, or up regulate genes that increase the susceptibility of autoimmune diseases [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of miR-155 Gene Polymorphism (rs767649 A>T) and miR-155 Gene Expression on Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis

Ali,

Mohammed

2024

amj

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Background: Micro RNA155 (miR-155) was identified as an essential determinant in immunological responses, and its genetic variants have increasing attention due to their ability to modulate its expression and potentially influence the susceptibility to autoimmune illnesses including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. Objectives: To examine the impact of miR-155 gene polymorphism (rs767649A>T) and miR-155 gene expression and their association with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a sample of Iraqi patients. Materials and methods: A total of 75 blood specimens were obtained from individuals diagnosed with MS. While an additional 75 blood specimens were collected from evidently healthy participants serving as a control group, with an age ranged 20-71 years. miR-155 gene polymorphism (rs767649 A>T) was determined utilizing Tetra-ARMS Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR) and miR-155 expression was evaluated using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The females experienced MS at a higher rate (69.33%) compared to the males. Furthermore, the age group 30-39 years showed a greater susceptibility to the disease (54.67%). The analysis of miR-155 (rs767649 A>T) SNP in MS patients indicated that 7 (9.34%) had the wild genotype (AA), 31 (41.33%) had the heterogeneous genotype (AT), and 37 (49.33%) had the mutant genotype (TT). These differences were statistically significant (P-value = 0.040). A allele frequency was 45 (0.3) (OR: 0.25; CI: 0.15-0.41) and T allele frequency was 105 (0.7) (OR: 3.91; CI: 2.42-6.33) in MS patients. While analysis of miR-155 gene expression demonstrated a significant increase in the patient group (1.82 ± 0.25 fold) compared to the healthy control group (0.33 ± 0.13 fold). The relationship between miR-155 gene expression and miR-155 genotypes in MS patients, revealed a notable elevation in miR-155 gene expression at the TT genotype (3.15 ± 0.73 fold), followed by TA genotype (1.29 ±0.65fold) and finally AA genotype (0.37 ± 0.19 fold) with highly statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant positive correlation between miR-155 (rs767649 A>T) genotypes and miR-155 expression and susceptibility to MS in Iraqi patients. These findings suggests that miR-155 may hold potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker for the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%