This article was prepared in an effort to determine the state of the art with respect to the use of artificial intelligence and expert system technologies within the steel industry. A number of important developments have been reported and most of them resulted in significant savings. Mathematical modeling is quite important both for understanding and for controlling a process. However, most steelmaking operations are extremely complex and cannot be described mathematically. They are, however, adequately controlled by human operators on the basis of their knowledge and expertise. Because of this, artificial intelligence is an ideal technology for the automation of many steelmakingrelated processes.