Expiring Eviction Moratoriums and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality

Leifheit, Kathryn M.; Linton, Sabriya L.; Raifman, Julia; Schwartz, Gabriel; Benfer, Emily A.; Zimmerman, Frederick J.; Pollack, Craig Evan

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3739576

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…After controlling for mask orders, stay at home orders, school closures, and testing rates, as well as characteristics of states and underlying time trends, this natural experiment showed that lifting moratoria was associated with 1.6 times higher COVID-19 mortality after 7 weeks and 5.4 times higher mortality after 16 weeks [11]. Similarly, lifting moratoria was associated with 1.6 times higher incidence of COVID-19 after 10 weeks and 2.1 times higher incidence after 16 weeks compared to maintaining eviction moratoria [11]. Lifting moratoriums translated to a total of 433,700 excess cases and 10,700 excess deaths between March 1 and September 3, 2020 [11].…”

Section: The Absence and Lifting Of Eviction Moratoria Increases Sprementioning

confidence: 85%

“…Similarly, lifting moratoria was associated with 1.6 times higher incidence of COVID-19 after 10 weeks and 2.1 times higher incidence after 16 weeks compared to maintaining eviction moratoria [11]. Lifting moratoriums translated to a total of 433,700 excess cases and 10,700 excess deaths between March 1 and September 3, 2020 [11]. Thus, eviction moratoria could be effective mechanisms for suppressing COVID-19 infection and mortality.…”

Section: The Absence and Lifting Of Eviction Moratoria Increases Sprementioning

confidence: 95%

“…In another study, researchers used varying expiration dates of state eviction moratoria to evaluate whether lifting moratoria was associated with increased COVID-19 spread and mortality [11]. After controlling for mask orders, stay at home orders, school closures, and testing rates, as well as characteristics of states and underlying time trends, this natural experiment showed that lifting moratoria was associated with 1.6 times higher COVID-19 mortality after 7 weeks and 5.4 times higher mortality after 16 weeks [11]. Similarly, lifting moratoria was associated with 1.6 times higher incidence of COVID-19 after 10 weeks and 2.1 times higher incidence after 16 weeks compared to maintaining eviction moratoria [11].…”

Section: The Absence and Lifting Of Eviction Moratoria Increases Sprementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eviction and housing displacement are associated with increased COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. [10,11] Eviction and housing instability provide a wide array of COVID-19 transmission opportunities that have had the effect of undermining mitigation strategies and stifling pandemic control efforts. Eviction immediately leads to overcrowding, doubling up, homelessness, and housing instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eviction, Health Inequity, and the Spread of COVID-19: Housing Policy as a Primary Pandemic Mitigation Strategy

et al. 2021

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Section: The Absence and Lifting Of Eviction Moratoria Increases Sprementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: The Absence and Lifting Of Eviction Moratoria Increases Sprementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Absence and Lifting Of Eviction Moratoria Increases Sprementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Eviction, Health Inequity, and the Spread of COVID-19: Housing Policy as a Primary Pandemic Mitigation Strategy

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, it is necessary to take into account that it was convenient for tenants to rent housing with livelihoods, and landlords did not suffer from lost profits due to the emergency of the pandemic. One way or another, foreign experience shows that one way to respect the right of individuals to housing is to impose a ban on evictions by landlords for the duration of the lockdown Leifheit et al, 2020). Besides, there are housing voucher programs, subsidizing tenants and landlords so that they do not lose part of their income under the influence of circumstances beyond their control.…”

Section: Iii1 the Current State Of The Problem Of Ensuring The Right To Housing In The Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Right to Housing: During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic

Fasii

Levytskyi

Savytskyi

2021

humani

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The importance of ensuring the right to housing during the pandemic Covid-19 and avoiding its negative impact on all spheres of human life is multifaceted. In particular, the least protected sections of the population, who often do not have their housing at all, usually are deprived of the opportunity to follow the rules of social distance and suffer more than others from the disease. Unsatisfactory living conditions during the period of complete quarantine and the need to stay at home all the time, indirectly affect the mental state of people and cause quarrels, domestic violence, and other problems of their residents. The purpose of the study is to establish the constitutive elements of the right to housing as a basic constitutional right, and to find ways of legal foundation of this right. The subject of the study are national and international regulations that ensure the right to housing, decisions of national and international courts, and constitutional doctrine. The research methods were philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods such as system-structural, comparative and formal methods. As a result of the study, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that the right to housing should be provided both at the level of national and international regulations. Scholars and legislators need special attention to ensuring the housing rights of vulnerable groups. Government subsidies and benefits are key to both the poor affected by the pandemic and businesses that are forced to lose profits.

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Eviction Moratoria Expiration and COVID-19 Infection Risk Across Strata of Health and Socioeconomic Status in the United States

2021

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IMPORTANCE Housing insecurity induced by evictions may increase the risk of contracting COVID-19.OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of lifting state-level eviction moratoria, which increased housing insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis retrospective cohort study included individuals with commercial insurance or Medicare Advantage who lived in a state that issued an eviction moratorium and were diagnosed with COVID-19 as well as a control group comprising an equal number of randomly selected individuals in these states who were not diagnosed with COVID-19. Data were collected from OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a database of deidentified administrative claims. The study used a difference-in-differences analysis among states that implemented an eviction moratorium between March 13, 2020, and September 4, 2020.EXPOSURES Time since state-level eviction moratoria were lifted. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome measure was a binary variable indicating whether an individual was diagnosed with COVID-19 for the first time in a given week with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code U07.1. The study analyzed changes in COVID-19 diagnosis before vs after a state lifted its moratorium compared with changes in states that did not lift it. For sensitivity analyses, models were reestimated on a 2% random sample of all individuals in the claims database during this period in these states. RESULTSThe cohort consisted of 509 694 individuals (254 847 [50.0%] diagnosed with COVID-19; mean [SD] age, 47.0 [23.6] years; 239 056 [53.3%] men). During the study period, 43 states and the District of Columbia implemented an eviction moratorium and 7 did not. Among the states that implemented a moratorium, 26 (59.1%) lifted their moratorium before the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued their national moratorium, while 18 (40.1%) maintained theirs. In a Cox difference-in-differences regression model, individuals living in a state that lifted its eviction moratorium experienced higher hazards of a COVID-19 diagnosis beginning 5 weeks after the moratorium was lifted (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11-1.76; P = .004), reaching an HR of 1.83 (95% CI, 1.36-2.46; P < .001) 12 weeks after. Hazards increased in magnitude among individuals with preexisting comorbidities and those living in nonaffluent and rent-burdened areas. Individuals with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 3 or greater had an HR of 2.37 (95% CI, 1.67-3.36; P < .001) at the end of the study period. Those living in nonaffluent areas had an HR of 2.14 (95% CI, 1.51-3.05; P < .001), while those living in areas with a high rent burden had an HR of 2.31 (95% CI, 1.64-3.26; P < .001).

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Expiring Eviction Moratoriums and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Eviction, Health Inequity, and the Spread of COVID-19: Housing Policy as a Primary Pandemic Mitigation Strategy

Eviction, Health Inequity, and the Spread of COVID-19: Housing Policy as a Primary Pandemic Mitigation Strategy

The Right to Housing: During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic

Eviction Moratoria Expiration and COVID-19 Infection Risk Across Strata of Health and Socioeconomic Status in the United States

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