Explaining depression symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder: Do maladaptive metacognitive beliefs play a role?

Nordahl, Henrik; Nordahl, Hans M.; Vogel, Patrick A.; Wells, Adrian

doi:10.1002/cpp.2181

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have also indicated that the same metacognitive factors are implicated in different types of distress and that they may explain comorbidity. For example, negative metacognitive beliefs and cognitive confidence correlate with both depression [49] and social anxiety [50], and with depression symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder [51]. However, the present study expands on previous studies by identifying the structural relationships between the central elements in the generic metacognitive model and by demonstrating the statistical fit of a generic metacognitive formulation of common and frequently co-occurring symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A test of the goodness of fit of the generic metacognitive model of psychopathology symptoms

et al. 2019

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Background Common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety frequently co-occur and may share etiological mechanisms. The metacognitive model is based on the principle that there are common pathological mechanisms across disorders that account for comorbidity and therefore can be conceptualized in one generic model. A central prediction of the model is that particular metacognitive beliefs concerning the value of worry, and the uncontrollability and danger of cognition are positively correlated with psychopathology symptoms. In the present study, we set out to test the overall fit of this model by assessing generic metacognitive beliefs and judgements of attention control capacity as predictors of common and frequently co-occurring emotional distress symptoms. Methods In a cross-sectional design, 645 participants gathered at convenience completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Results Structural equation modelling indicated a good model fit for the generic metacognitive model, and the predictors accounted for 93% of the variance in distress consisting of depression-, generalized- and social anxiety symptoms. Conclusions This finding supports the generic model and the implication that it can be used as a basis to formulate and treat multiple presenting problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A test of the goodness of fit of the generic metacognitive model of psychopathology symptoms

et al. 2019

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“…As posited by Garety et al [47], affect might be the pathway to psychosis, as depression could denote having catastrophic thoughts about the threat posed by criticism. Such negative metacognitive beliefs are detrimental, and increase psychosis-like experiences [13, 14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depression relates to perceived criticism in people with positive schizotypy within the non-clinical population [4]. Depression could relate to perceived criticism because it increases maladaptive metacognitive beliefs about social threat, such as the person believing that criticism is uncontrollable and dangerous, and believing that one needs to worry to gain control over a situation [13, 14]. The relationship between depression and perceived criticism deepens if adolescents with depression find their parents irritable [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to criticism and praise predicts schizotypy in the non-clinical population: The role of affect and perceived expressed emotion

et al. 2019

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Background:Schizotypy represents a cluster of personality traits consisting of magical beliefs, perceptual aberrations, disorganisation, and anhedonia. Schizotypy denotes a vulnerability for psychosis, one reason being psychosocial stress. High expressed emotion (EE), a rating of high criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement from a close relative, denotes psychosocial stress and vulnerability to psychosis, and is associated with schizotypy. This study aimed to decipher the relationship of schizotypy to perceived criticism and perceived praise in terms of affect and perceived EE.Methods:Ninety-eight healthy participants listened to short audio-clips containing criticism, praise, and neutral comments from a stranger, and evaluated them in terms of the comments’ arousal and personal relevance. Participants also answered self-report questionnaires of schizotypy, depression, mood, and perceived EE. Correlational analyses tested the relationship between schizotypy and the evaluations of criticism and praise. Mediation analyses then tested whether depression, positive mood, and perceived EE explained these relationships.Results:Greater relevance of standard criticism correlated with higher positive schizotypy. This association was fully mediated by high depression and perceived irritability from a close relative. Lower relevance of standard praise correlated with higher cognitive disorganisation (another schizotypal trait). This relationship was partially mediated by low positive mood and high perceived intrusiveness from a close relative.Conclusion:Greater perceived criticism and lower perceived praise predict schizotypy in the healthy population. Affect and interpersonal sensitivity towards a close relative explain these relationships, such that depression increases perceived criticism, and positive mood increases perceived praise. Perceived EE defines the interpersonal nature of schizotypy.

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“…The pathway from schizotypy to depression and aggression through perceived EE High positive schizotypal traits are linked to negative metacognitive beliefs in depression [17]. Negative metacognitive beliefs include being self-critical [18,19]. Depression may be linked to disorganized schizotypy more strongly than to positive or negative schizotypy because disorganized schizotypy is reported to be a better predictor of negative affect than positive or negative schizotypy [20].…”

Section: The Family Context Of the Relationship Between Schizotypy Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

2020

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Background. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is linked to the vulnerability for psychosis. Positive schizotypy includes having paranormal beliefs. Negative schizotypy includes social anhedonia. Disorganized schizotypy includes social anxiety and communication disorder. Schizotypy relates to depression and aggression. Family stress from high expressed emotion (EE; a rating of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement in a close relative toward a person showing signs of mental disorder) may mediate the link between schizotypy, depression and aggression. This study tested, using path analyses, the hypotheses that schizotypy predicts depression and aggression through high perceived EE as criticism and irritability (hypothesis 1) and praise and intrusiveness in a close relative (hypothesis 2). Methods. One hundred and four healthy participants listened to and rated the self-relevance of standard criticism and standard praise that denote EE. Participants rated their level of schizotypy, depression, aggression, and perceived EE in self-report questionnaires. Two path models tested the hypotheses. Results. Disorganized schizotypy, more than positive schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived criticism and perceived EE-irritability were mediators. Disorganised schizotypy, more than negative schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived praise and perceived EE-intrusiveness were mediators. Conclusions. Greater perceived criticism and less perceived praise in family communication explain the path from disorganized schizotypy (more so than positive or negative schizotypy) to depression and aggression. These findings indicate a need to consider the thought disorder-EE link as a potential contributor to depression and aggression in people with schizophrenia.

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Explaining depression symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder: Do maladaptive metacognitive beliefs play a role?

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

A test of the goodness of fit of the generic metacognitive model of psychopathology symptoms

A test of the goodness of fit of the generic metacognitive model of psychopathology symptoms

Sensitivity to criticism and praise predicts schizotypy in the non-clinical population: The role of affect and perceived expressed emotion

The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

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