Explaining educational differences in mortality: the role of behavioral and material factors.

Schrijvers, Carola; Stronks, Karien; Mheen, H. Dike van de; Mackenbach, Johan P.

doi:10.2105/ajph.89.4.535

Cited by 205 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the percentages of attained educational level for males and females separately. Four educational categories were distinguished (following e.g., Schrijvers, Stronks, van de Mheen, & Mackenbach, 1999;Stronks, van de Meehn, & Mackenbach, 1997): primary education only (1), lower general and vocational education (2), intermediate vocational education, and intermediate/higher general education (3), and higher vocational education, college and university (4). Mean educational level proved equal for males and females ( F b 1, ns).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences on the Dutch WAIS-III

et al. 2006

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences on the Dutch WAIS-III

et al. 2006

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“…11 13 [17][18][19][20] Evidence is also accruing that educated men and women in the developing world have lower mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. [7][8][9] Understanding social inequalities in developing countries may require looking into the independent effects of individuals within households over and above those between households, partly because women's and men's roles within a household are so distinct.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of education and other socioeconomic factors on middle age mortality in rural Bangladesh

Hurt

2004

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Study objective: To examine socioeconomic gradients in mortality in adult women and their husbands in Bangladesh, paying particular attention to the independent effects of the educational status of each spouse. Design: Historical cohort study. Setting: Matlab, a rural area 60 km south east of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Participants: 14 803 married women aged 45 or over and their husbands who were resident in the Matlab Demographic Surveillance area between 30 June 1982 and 31 December 1998. Main results: Mortality was lower in women with formal or Koranic education compared with those with none (adjusted rate ratio for formal education = 0.68, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86; adjusted rate ratio for Koranic schooling = 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00). After adjusting for her own education, the husband's level of education or occupation did not have an independent effect on a woman's survival. Men who had attended formal education had lower mortality than those without any education (adjusted rate ratio = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93), but men whose wives had been educated had an additional survival advantage independent of their own education and occupation (adjusted rate ratio = 0.76, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.87). Mortality in both sexes was also significantly associated with marital status and the percentage of surviving children, and in men was associated with the man's occupation, religion, area of residence. Conclusions: The data suggest that socioeconomic status has a strong influence on mortality in adults in Bangladesh. They also illustrate how important the continued promotion of education, particularly for women, may be for the survival of both women and men in rural Bangladesh. I t has long been recognised that people who are socially disadvantaged have higher mortality. Social or economic gradients in adult mortality have consistently been observed in affluent societies 1 2 and studies in the developing world have also found substantial inequalities.3-9 Increasing attention is now being paid to understanding the nature of such inequalities and the pathways through which they exert their effects. 10One of the critical factors in this pathway is adult education. In affluent societies, a consistent association between the educational status of adults and their mortality has been shown, independent of other social or economic factors.11-14 Effects are seen in both women and men, although they might be slightly weaker in women than in men.15 16 Factors thought to contribute to the lower mortality of educated people are improvements in their employment opportunities and material circumstances, and an increased knowledge about health matters with consequent reductions in risky health behaviours.11 13 [17][18][19][20] Evidence is also accruing that educated men and women in the developing world have lower mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. [7][8][9] Understanding social inequalities in developing countries may require looking into the independent effects of individuals within hous...

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“…Veel Europese landen hebben hier de afgelopen jaren onderzoek naar verricht. Overal in Europa zijn de sociaal-economische verschillen in gezondheid aanzienlijk (Mackenbach et al, 1999;Mackenbach, 2006;Mackenbach et al, 2008). In deze bijdrage hebben we het bewijs verzameld uit de verschillende Europese landen en geven we een overzicht van de omvang en patronen van gezondheidsverschillen binnen Europa, inclusief de landen uit het oostelijke en zuidelijke deel van Europa.…”

Section: Inleidingunclassified

“…Causale effecten zijn relatief belangrijk in het geval van opleidingsniveau (Schrijvers, Stronks, Van de Mheen & Mackenbach, 1999 hun voorsprong in kennis en cognitieve vaardigheden, beter in staat een gezondere levenswijze erop na te houden. Een goede opleiding biedt bovendien de mogelijkheden voor een goede beroepsloopbaan en hoog inkomen in het latere leven, met alle gezondheidseffecten van dien.…”

Section: Een Levensloopperspectief Op Sociaal-economische Verschillenunclassified

De gezonde levensloop : Een geschenk van vele generaties

Bonneux¹

2011

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Explaining educational differences in mortality: the role of behavioral and material factors.

Cited by 205 publications

References 19 publications

Sex differences on the Dutch WAIS-III

Sex differences on the Dutch WAIS-III

Effects of education and other socioeconomic factors on middle age mortality in rural Bangladesh

De gezonde levensloop : Een geschenk van vele generaties

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