Explaining gender differences in non-fatal suicidal behaviour among adolescents: a population-based study

Kaess, Michael; Parzer, Peter; Haffner, Johann; Steen, Rainer; Roos, Jeanette; Klett, M; Brunner, Romuald; Resch, Franz

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-597

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This can be explained by generally earlier physical and mental maturation of girls, as well as gender differences regarding emotional problems and behaviour [33]. The seasonal and weekly variations in the numbers of calls concerning children's and adolescents' suicide attempts in our study were statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…The severe toxic/lethal doses were almost two times more common for males than for females. It is known that males generally have a stronger suicidal intent than females [40], and this gender feature can be observed not only in adult suicides, but also in children and adolescents [33,41]. Only one in five poisoned patients received qualified medical care within 1 hr after drug ingestion, that is, within the period ideal for early primary elimination measures (gastric lavage, activated charcoal administration, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non‐Fatal Suicidal Self‐Poisonings in Children and Adolescents over a 5‐Year Period (2007–2011)

Zakharov

Navrátil

Pelclová

2013

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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The objective of this study was to analyse non-fatal suicidal self-poisonings in children and adolescents and to identify commonalities that might direct preventive health efforts. From the database of the Czech Toxicological Information Center, the inquiries due to non-fatal suicidal self-poisonings in children (9-13 years old) and adolescents (14-18 years old) in 2007-2011 were evaluated. From 10,492 calls about suicide attempts, 2393 concerned children and adolescents (13.5% and 86.5%, respectively). Most suicide attempts were committed during the spring (31.3%). Among toxic agents, drugs were used in 97.8% of the cases. 63% of cases involved monopoisonings and combinations of more than three drugs (10.3%) were rare. The most frequent ingestions appeared using drugs affecting the nervous system and anti-inflammatory non-steroids. The dose was evaluated as toxic in 73.4% of the cases and as severely toxic in 3.0% of the cases. The symptoms of moderate and severe intoxications were present in 10.5% of the cases. First aid was provided in 5.6%, and gastric lavage was performed in 21.9% of the cases. Antidotes were indicated in 13.3% and secondary elimination methods in 4.4% of the cases. Mostly, one or two easily accessible drugs were used in suicide attempts, with paracetamol and ibuprofen were the most common ones. Only one in 10 children applied a non-toxic dose. One-fifth of the patients received medical care within 60 min. and one-third later than 4 hr after exposure. The time criterion for gastric lavages was fulfilled in less than half of the cases, and in every fourth case, the procedure was performed when it was unlikely to be beneficial.The problem of suicides in children and adolescents as one of the leading causes of death is widely discussed [1][2][3][4][5]. Suicide is the fifth among the leading factors of death for children between 9 and 13 years of age and the third for adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age in the USA [6]. In Europe, suicide is the second leading cause of death in male and female adolescents [7,8].For young people, non-fatal suicidal behaviour is more prevalent than completed suicides, so the ratio of completed suicides to non-fatal suicide attempts may reach 1:10-20 [9,10]. However, those who survive suicidal attempts may often harm themselves seriously and suffer from the health consequences requiring long-term medical assistance [11]. Poisoning is the most common method of non-fatal suicide attempt all around the world [12][13][14][15]. A certain deficit of information on nonfatal suicidal behaviour exists; the main reason lies in the difficulty of collecting reliable information [14,16]. Hence, the scale of attempted suicide is not clearly known; the large part of cases remains unnoticed. Therefore, their circumstances important for morbidity and mortality prevention have not been sufficiently investigated [17][18][19].Poison control centres collect data on calls concerning suicide attempts lacking in national mortality registries by keeping the records of cons...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Fatal Suicidal Self‐Poisonings in Children and Adolescents over a 5‐Year Period (2007–2011)

Zakharov

Navrátil

Pelclová

2013

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…Adolescent females have greater emotional intensity and more strong emotional reactions to social stimuli, as compared to males, and they also have higher levels of depression (Charbonneau et al 2009;Hyde et al 2008). Additionally, adolescent females are more likely to report suicidal thoughts and attempts than are adolescent males (Kaess et al 2011;Wunderlich et al 2001). According to Kaess et al (2011), one explanation for this gender difference is that adolescent females reported higher levels of internalizing problems and adolescent males reported higher levels of externalizing problems.…”

Section: Gender Victimization and Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, adolescent females are more likely to report suicidal thoughts and attempts than are adolescent males (Kaess et al 2011;Wunderlich et al 2001). According to Kaess et al (2011), one explanation for this gender difference is that adolescent females reported higher levels of internalizing problems and adolescent males reported higher levels of externalizing problems. In other words, adolescent males are more likely to act with outward displays of aggression while adolescent females are more likely to turn their aggression inward.…”

Section: Gender Victimization and Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Bullying and Suicidal Behavior During Adolescence: A Developmental Perspective

Gunn

Goldstein

2016

Adolescent Res Rev

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This review of the literature examines the problem of suicide and bullying from a developmental perspective with a focus on the unique characteristics of adolescence that may contribute to the bullying-suicide link. Adolescence is a time of peak physical health, yet can be a period of risky behavior and heightened emotionality. In this literature review, it is argued that a number of developmental factors leave adolescents especially vulnerable to suicidal behavior following exposure to bullying. This review highlights the importance of developmental factors in understanding the bullying-suicide link during adolescence. Adolescence, with an increase in emotionality, risk-taking, and an increased focus on peer relationships, is an at-risk period for the development of suicidality following exposure to bullying. Also highlighted are gender differences, special challenges facing LGBTQ adolescents, and recommendations for intervention and prevention.

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“…This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. ders (7,14,15). Also, suicide attempt differs between males and females with psychiatric disorders (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences of Suicide Attempt Among Iranian Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

Kharaghani¹,

Sharifi²,

Damghanian³

et al. 2017

Crit Care Nurs J

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Background: The prevalence of suicide in Iran is higher than other West Asian countries. Objectives: The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of suicide attempt in psychiatric patients, and determine its associations with clinical and sociodemographic factors, and gender differences. Methods: Participants in this descriptive-analytic study were 941 patients who were hospitalized for at least 2 days in Razi center in Tehran in 2010. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the factors related to suicide by SPSS software Version 17. Results: Almost 23.4% of the participants had a history of suicide attempt. Of the 250 females, 42 and of the 691 males, 178 attempted suicide. Suicide attempt in divorced, separated, and widowed females was much higher than in single females (P = 0.032). Also, those females who were drug abusers attempted suicide more often compared to non-users (P = 0.047). Suicide attempt was more prevalent in young males (P < 0.001). In addition, bipolar disorder (P = 0.011), depression (P = 0.27), drug abuse (P < 0.001), and alcohol abuse (P = 0.017) were risk factors of suicide attempt among males. Interactions between gender and marital status (P = 0.002) and between gender and the type of psychiatric disorder (P = 0.004) were statistically significant. Conclusions: There were significant differences in suicide attempt risk factors between males and females with psychiatric disorders; these differences could not be related to different exposures to the known risk factors in the 2 genders.

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Explaining gender differences in non-fatal suicidal behaviour among adolescents: a population-based study

Cited by 104 publications

References 37 publications

Non‐Fatal Suicidal Self‐Poisonings in Children and Adolescents over a 5‐Year Period (2007–2011)

Non‐Fatal Suicidal Self‐Poisonings in Children and Adolescents over a 5‐Year Period (2007–2011)

Bullying and Suicidal Behavior During Adolescence: A Developmental Perspective

Gender Differences of Suicide Attempt Among Iranian Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

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