Explaining high rates of depression in chronic pain: A diathesis-stress framework.

Banks, Sara; Kerns, Robert D.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.1.95

Cited by 653 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Fewer happiness experiences and more frequent sadness was found in both the chronic pain and depressed group, which supports previous research suggesting that depression is prevalent in chronic pain (e.g. Banks & Kerns, 1996). There is evidence that positive affect attenuates the relationship between chronic pain and negative affect and helps build pain resilience (Zautra, Smith, Affleck, & Tennen, 2001;Zautra et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Finucane

Dima

Ferreira

et al. 2011

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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ObjectivesTo compare self-reports of five basic emotions across four samples: healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD, and to investigate the extent to which basic emotion reports discriminate between individuals in healthy or clinical groups. MethodsIn total, 439 participants took part in this study: healthy (N = 131), chronic pain (N = 220), depressed (N = 24) and PTSD (N = 64). Participants completed the trait version of the Basic Emotion Scale (Dalgleish & Power, 2004). Basic emotion profiles were compared both within each group and between the healthy group and each of the three other groups. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the extent to which basic emotions can be used to classify participants as belonging to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups.2 ResultsIn the healthy group, happiness was experienced more than any other basic emotion.This was not found in the clinical groups. In comparison to healthy participants, the chronic pain group experienced more fear, anger and sadness; the depressed group reported more sadness; and the PTSD group experienced all of the negative emotions more frequently. Discriminant analysis revealed that happiness was the most important variable in determining whether an individual belonged to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. Anger was found to further discriminate between depressed and chronic pain individuals. ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that basic emotion profile analysis can provide a useful foundation for the exploration of emotional experience both within and between healthy and clinical groups. Key Practitioner Message• More frequent experiences of happiness relative to discrete negative emotions most clearly discriminate between individuals in healthy and clinical groups.More frequent anger experiences further discriminate between individuals with chronic pain and those with depression while disgust levels help discriminate between those with PTSD and depression.• More frequent experiences of high arousal negative emotions -fear, anger and disgust are characteristic of individuals with PTSD.• Fear is the most frequently experienced negative emotion in both healthy and clinical groups. Higher levels of fear compared to other discrete negative emotions are not necessarily an indicator of psychopathology. Consideration of emotional profiles more generally and the relative frequency with which happiness is experienced relative to negative emotions may be more useful in delineating between healthy individuals and those with chronic pain, depression or PTSD. 3Although emotions play an important role in psychopathology, few studies have applied models of everyday emotions to research in psychopathology. Nonetheless,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…High levels of depression has also been found in chronic pain populations with an estimated 34% to 54% of chronic pain patients suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) at any given point in time (Banks & Kerns, 1996) further suggesting that sadness will be characteristic of this group.…”

Section: Key Practitioner Messagementioning

confidence: 99%

Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Finucane

Dima

Ferreira

et al. 2011

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…The relationship between depression and chronic pain is well documented in other chronic conditions, and is likely bidirectional. 38,57 . Banks and Kerns suggest that having a chronic medical condition increases depression risk, and that the specific nature of chronic pain increases this risk further, noting that pain is Binextricably associated with negative affect.^3 8 Pain is aversive and seemingly psychologically inescapable; it follows that a substantial minority of patients with chronic pain experience depression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model postulates that avoidance of physical activity leads directly to a withdrawal of positive reinforcers (e.g., employment) and thereby increases depressive symptoms as well. 37 Depression is a common consequence of having chronic pain, 38 and pain symptoms predict the onset of depression. 39,40 Although there may also be biological links, there are psychological connections between chronic pain and depression, both treated by primary care providers, which may be prominent in the treatment of buprenorphine patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Pain and DepressionAmong Primary Care Patients Treated with Buprenorphine

et al. 2015

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“…2,11,14,28,46,67,72,96 Most models developed to describe the relationship between marital functioning and depression are based on cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal tenets. 3,23,38 For instance, appraisals of marital dissatisfaction or discord might lead to depression because of decreased spousal reinforcement and increased hostility, as well as perceived losses in social support and coping assistance from the spouse.…”

Section: Couples Functioning In Models Of Pain and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Pain in a Couples Context: A Review and Integration of Theoretical Models and Empirical Evidence

Leonard

Caño

Johansen

2006

The Journal of Pain

225

198

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Researchers have become increasingly interested in the social context of chronic pain conditions. The purpose of this article is to provide an integrated review of the evidence linking marital functioning with chronic pain outcomes including pain severity, physical disability, pain behaviors, and psychological distress. We first present an overview of existing models that identify an association between marital functioning and pain variables. We then review the empirical evidence for a relationship between pain variables and several marital functioning variables including marital satisfaction, spousal support, spouse responses to pain, and marital interaction. On the basis of the evidence, we present a working model of marital and pain variables, identify gaps in the literature, and offer recommendations for research and clinical work.Perspective-The authors provide a comprehensive review of the relationships between marital functioning and chronic pain variables to advance future research and help treatment providers understand marital processes in chronic pain.

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Explaining high rates of depression in chronic pain: A diathesis-stress framework.

Cited by 653 publications

References 136 publications

Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals

Chronic Pain and DepressionAmong Primary Care Patients Treated with Buprenorphine

Chronic Pain in a Couples Context: A Review and Integration of Theoretical Models and Empirical Evidence

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