Explaining Indonesia’s Democratic Regression: Structure, Agency and Popular Opinion

Warburton, Eve; Aspinall, Edward

doi:10.1355/cs41-2k

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…If we follow the regular assessments made by the Freedom House yearly, we can observe that Indonesian democracy is generally not consolidated and shows signs of decline (Freedom House 2020). A number of studies present a similar conclusion (Hadiz 2017;Mietzner 2018;Warburton and Aspinall 2019;Aspinall et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

Mujani¹

2020

Jurnal Politik

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Indonesia underwent democratization after more than 20 years (1998–2020), but many studies conclude that the country’s democracy is not consolidated and suffered a setback, at least in the last five years. An increase in political intolerance in society is believed to be the cause of this setback. However, studies on Indonesian political tolerance are biased and thus do not reflect actual conditions of general tolerance. This study offers a new unbiased strategy called “content-controlled measures of political tolerance” in the research on political tolerance. This strategy has been used in a series of national public opinion surveys for a relatively long period (2004–2019) and is a source of scarce data for this study. Results present a new finding that preference for democracy, as a measure of democratic consolidation at the attitudinal level, is not accompanied by political tolerance. In fact, political tolerance weakens the consolidation of democracy, which is a symptom of a condition that the author calls the “intolerant democrat syndrome.” In this syndrome, preference for democracy is hampered by political tolerance and vice versa. This syndrome makes the consolidation of Indonesian democracy difficult. Further research on the causes of the emergence of this syndrome is necessary; however, the author suspects that the current constitution contributes systematically to this syndrome.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…A number of other studies present a similar interpretation that Indonesian democracy declined at least in the last five years (Hadiz 2017;Menchik 2019;Warburton and Aspinall 2019;Aspinall et al 2020;Mietzner 2020). The reasons for this decline are related to the issue of civil liberties or tolerance and pluralism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

Mujani¹

2020

Jurnal Politik

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“…Afterwards, protest and demand for arresting Ahok sparked all around Indonesia. As a result, this movement succeeded to put Ahok in jail, and also was proved successful to defeat Ahok in the gubernatorial election 2017 (Warburton & Aspinall, 2019).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Hizb Ut-tahrir Indonesiamentioning

confidence: 98%

The State Response toward the Existence of HTI: An Analysis from Social Movement Study Approach

2020

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As a global Islamic political group, Hizb ut-Tahrir (HT) has experienced many kinds of state coercive responses due its ideas that considered radical and threatening the existing modern political systems. In many places, this group has been rejected and criminalized by regimes either in Muslim majority states or in the Western states. The same experience has also been faced by HT in Indonesia that went through the change of state policy from accommodating to repressive approach. This study will focus to elaborate the response of the Indonesian government toward HTI from the lens of social movement studies by using state repression concept. This article uses the explanatory method analysis and collects data mainly from literature. This article argues that the state has used several methods to repress HT such as issuing an extraordinary law in dissolving HTI; intimidating HTI`s supporters and activists and stigmatizing or discrediting HTI image. As the result, in 2017 Indonesian government dissolved HTI, then HTI became one of forbidden organizations in Indonesia.

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“…During the first years of the transition, the country's Jakarta-based national leadership made steady progress toward the consolidation of key democratic institutions, including free and fair elections; freedom of the press, assembly, and labor; the strengthening of a balance of powers between the executive and the legislature; and the withdrawal of the armed forces from parliament and formal politics. The results of the national elections held every five years from 1999 to 2019 confirmed that, although of two minds on religious freedom and minorities, most of the Muslim electorate preferred to prioritize government services and economic growth over any effort to change the constitutional foundation of the state (Pepinsky et al 2018;Warburton and Aspinall 2019). In addition, democratic Indonesia witnessed the continuing expansion of Muslim-based non-governmental organizations, including those dedicated to citizen equality, women's rights, and fair-play in democratic elections (Rinaldo 2013;Robinson 2009;Smith-Hefner 2019).…”

Section: Conclusion: Freedom's Contingenciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Islam and Institutional Religious Freedom in Indonesia

Hefner

2021

Religions

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By emphasizing that individual religious freedom depends for its realization on complex social embeddings, the concept of institutional religious freedom provides an important corrective to conventional, individualistic approaches to religious freedom. The concept also helpfully complicates the investigation of religious freedom by encouraging analysts to recognize that different societal and civilizational traditions define religion itself in significantly different ways. Tensions such as these between different social definitions of religion and between different manifestations of institutional religious freedom have been a chronic feature of religious life in Indonesia since the establishment of the republic in 1945. This paper examines these legacies in the context of contemporary Indonesia, especially in light of ongoing disputes over the legal and ethical status of spiritual traditions (kepercayaan) long barred from full state recognition. The essay also explores the theoretical and policy implications of the Indonesian example for the analysis of institutional religious freedom in the late modern world as a whole.

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Explaining Indonesia’s Democratic Regression: Structure, Agency and Popular Opinion

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

The State Response toward the Existence of HTI: An Analysis from Social Movement Study Approach

Islam and Institutional Religious Freedom in Indonesia

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