Explaining intersectionality through description, counterfactual thinking, and mediation analysis

Jackson, J.

doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1390-0

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Such factors are then related to access to healthcare, environmental exposures, health behaviors, and physiological responses that in term determine health outcomes. Intersectionality, has been a fruitful framework for generating knowledge in the field of health disparities research and praxis (35), despite challenges in clearly defining the concept. Definitions of intersectionality are varied, but generally take a disparity group-member’s perspective as an individual with multiple intersecting identities that are influenced by and subject the individual to systems of oppression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Menthol Cigarette Use in the USA: A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature (2011–May 2017)

et al. 2017

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Purpose of review To summarize current research on gender differences in mentholated cigarette use and related outcomes. Secondarily, to summarize literature on gender differences in mentholated cigarette use and related outcomes among Black smokers. Recent findings Women smokers are more likely to use menthol cigarettes than men. Other than prevalence, there is a paucity of research on gender differences in menthol related outcomes (e.g., cessation, disease). Among both women and men, menthol preference is stable during adolescence and young adulthood. A substantial portion of both women and men who smoke menthol report an expectation of quitting should menthol be banned. We did not identify any studies of gender differences in mentholated cigarette use among Black smokers. Summary Despite public health relevance, there is little current research on gender differences in mentholated cigarette use, other than studies of prevalence, and very little research on gender differences among Black smokers, including prevalence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Menthol Cigarette Use in the USA: A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature (2011–May 2017)

et al. 2017

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“…These interventional effects offer a rich scaffolding to study intersectional disparities (Jackson, 2017). For example, suppose that, on the additive scale, we observe higher psychological distress for sexual/gender minority blacks as compared to sexual/gender majority whites, and this is larger than the sum of disparities for sexual/gender majority blacks and sexual/gender minority whites vs. sexual/gender majority whites.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrasts across social characteristics are meant to identify disparities (inequities) that are taken to be unfair, unjust, and avoidable, regardless of whether they arise through personally-mediated discrimination or structural forms of marginalization (Braveman, 2006). These are not necessarily taken to be causal effects of the social characteristic(s), but still do have counterfactual meaning and policy value in setting priorities for population health (Duan et al, 2008;Jackson, 2017). Descriptions of health outcomes across intersected social characteristics follow in this spirit (Jackson, 2017).…”

Section: Causal Inference With Social Characteristics Identities Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are not necessarily taken to be causal effects of the social characteristic(s), but still do have counterfactual meaning and policy value in setting priorities for population health (Duan et al, 2008;Jackson, 2017). Descriptions of health outcomes across intersected social characteristics follow in this spirit (Jackson, 2017).…”

Section: Causal Inference With Social Characteristics Identities Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following calls to incorporate intersectionality into quantitative analysis (Bauer, 2014;Bowleg, 2012), a wide array of methodological proposals have appeared (Bowleg and Bauer, 2016;Bright et al, 2016;Evans et al, 2017;Gustafsson et al, 2016;Jackson, 2017;Jackson et al, 2016;Wemrell et al, 2017;Yette and Ahern, 2018) In this Issue, Bauer and Scheim present companion papers that call for an application of causal mediation analysis, VanderWeele's 3-way decomposition (Vanderweele, 2013) to study the mediating and interactive role of perceived discrimination in producing differences in psychological distress across groups defined by multiple social characteristics, race and transgender identity. While a formal framework for using causal mediation analysis and other decompositions to unpack intersectional disparities has already been outlined (Jackson, 2017), Bauer and Scheim add to this literature by developing new measures of perceived discrimination (Scheim and Bauer, 2019) and using the 3-way decomposition to study its contribution to intersectional disparities (Bauer and Scheim, 2019) through differential exposure and differential effects (sometimes in other literature referred to as differential vulnerability or susceptibility (Diderichsen et al, 2018)). In this commentary, we aim to: 1) review more nuanced causal interpretations with social characteristics; 2) review the shared features, strengths, and weaknesses of various forms of causal decomposition analysis for health disparities research; 3) examine how best to operationalize and distinguish differential effects from differential exposure under the goal of reducing disparities; 4) highlight critical identifiability issues when explanatory variables (mediators) such as perceived discrimination represent different constructs across social groups and suggest some ways forward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intersectional decomposition analysis with differential exposure, effects, and construct

Jackson

VanderWeele

2019

Social Science & Medicine

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In recent years a wide array of proposals for bringing intersectional perspectives into quantitative studies of health disparities have appeared, from studies of interaction, predictive discrimination, to mediation. Bauer and Scheim, in a companion set of articles, extend these proposals by developing new attribution-blind measures of perceived discrimination and using VanderWeele's 3-way decomposition to quantify its contribution to disparities through differential exposure and differential effects (sometimes called differential vulnerability or susceptibility). In this commentary, after providing an overview of causal inference interpretations with social characteristics, we provide a broad overview of old and new decomposition methods in the social sciences literature and contrast their strengths and weaknesses for studying intersectional inequalities. We then examine how different forms of differential effects can be expressed within these decompositions and discuss their utility for the purpose of informing interventions for reducing disparities. Last, we discuss the tension in social sciences research when prominent explanatory variables represent constructs that are only defined or exist for certain marginalized populations and may not neatly fit within the decomposition methods framework. Through these discussions, we aim to provide greater conceptual clarity for applied researchers who are interested in using decomposition methods and other approaches to advance intersectional equity.

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Biocultural approaches to transgender and gender diverse experience and health: Integrating biomarkers and advancing gender/sex research

DuBois

Gibb

Juster

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are increasingly visible in U.S. communities and in national media. With this increased visibility, access to gender affirming healthcare is also on the rise, particularly for urban youth. Political backlash and entrenchment in a gender binary, however, continue to marginalize TGD people, increasing risk for health disparities. The 2016 National Institute of Health recognition of sexual and gender minority people as a health disparities population increases available funding for much-needed research. In this article, we speak to the need for a biocultural human biology of gender/sex diversity by delineating factors that influence physiological functioning, mental health, and physical health of TGD people. We propose that many of these factors can best be investigated with minimally invasively collected biomarker samples (MICBS) and discuss how to integrate MICBS into research inclusive of TGD people. Research use of MICBS among TGD people remains limited, and wider use could enable essential biological and health data to be collected from a population often excluded from research. We provide a broad overview of terminology and current literature, point to key research questions, and address potential challenges researchers might face when aiming to integrate MCIBS in research inclusive of transgender and gender diverse people. We argue that, when used effectively, MICBS can enhance human biologists' ability to empirically measure physiology and health-related outcomes and enable more accurate identification of pathways linking human experience, embodiment, and health.

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Explaining intersectionality through description, counterfactual thinking, and mediation analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Gender and Menthol Cigarette Use in the USA: A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature (2011–May 2017)

Gender and Menthol Cigarette Use in the USA: A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature (2011–May 2017)

Intersectional decomposition analysis with differential exposure, effects, and construct

Biocultural approaches to transgender and gender diverse experience and health: Integrating biomarkers and advancing gender/sex research

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