This article examines differences between public and private sector grievance arbitration outcomes. The research question addressed in this study is whether or not differences in win, lose, or compromise outcomes exist between the public and private sector and if differences exist regarding discipline cases. Archival data were analyzed from a total of 1127 public and 2822 private arbitration cases for the period 1987 through 1993. Contingency analyses were conducted to test all hypotheses. Results indicate a higher winning percentage and fewer discharge cases in the public as compared to the private sector. Additionally, fewer public sector cases result in long suspensions. The results are discussed in terms of hypothesized public-private differences. ver the past twenty years, much attention has been devoted to comparing public and private organizations (see Perry and Kraemer, 1983; Perry and Rainey, 1988; Rainey, Backoff, and Levine, 1976 for reviews of this literature). The literature suggests several theoretical and practical reasons for gaining a better understanding of these differences, including increasing our confidence of generalizablity of empirical research across settings (e.g., Perry and Rainey, 1988). This stream of research proposes several important distinctions between the two sectors in terms of their ex-ternal environment, organizational structure, incentive system, legal issues, managerial roles, and culture which need to be incorporated into both theory and practice.The early literature examining grievance models in public organizations also supports the distinctive nature of the public sector grievance process when compared to private organizations (e.g.