Explaining the Decline in Women's Household Labor: Individual Change and Cohort Differences

Artis, Julie E.; Pavalko, Eliza K.

doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00746.x

Cited by 107 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Studies show that women's and men's attitudes toward gender roles are consistent predictors of housework sharing (Artis & Pavalko, 2003;Blaisure & Allen, 1995;Brayfield, 1992;Greenstein, 1996;Lye & Biblarz, 1993;Potuchek, 1992;Shelton & John, 1993a;Thompson & Walker, 1989). Married men who have more egalitarian attitudes in early adulthood are also likely to participate more in routine housework later in life (Cunningham, 2005).…”

Section: Attitudes Toward Gender Rolesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender and the Division of Labor

Coltrane

Shih

2009

Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology

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This chapter focuses on the division of labor between women and men and the distinction commonly drawn between domestic work and paid work. Work performed directly in the service of familiesincluding housework and childcare -is often unacknowledged because of cultural assumptions that a wife or mother should do it in the privacy of the home. Paid work, on the other hand, is much more public and historically associated with men. Holding a job and earning a salary has been considered to be a husband's traditional family obligation, whereas tending to home and children traditionally has been considered a wife's primary obligation (even if she also works outside the home). Why do we make these gendered assumptions, and what impact do these ideals have on individuals and society? In this chapter we investigate these questions by examining how the concept of separate work and family spheres for men and women arose and by exploring how scholars have researched the division of household labor. Links Between Work and FamilyRosabeth Moss Kanter (1977) was one of the first scholars to point out that it is misleading to treat work and family as separate institutional spheres. She rejected popular beliefs about the separation of workplaces and families, and she called for an examination of the interconnections between the two and the study of how and why people make and sustain attachments to each. Today, most social scientists recognize and appreciate the numerous mutual influences between the workplace and the home (Jacobs & Gerson, 2004;Moen & Coltrane, 2004). Near the end of this chapter we summarize research in this tradition by focusing on some findings about spillover from work to family and from family to work.Although there are many different linkages between work and family, most researchers have focused on how jobs influence family life. For example, there are many studies of how economic resources and job conditions affect marital functioning, parenting practices, or mental and physical health. In general, longer employment hours, harsher working conditions, and lower wages are associated with more family and health problems, and closely regulated work environments are associated with more restrictive parenting practices. Other work-family studies are focused on the different strategies people use to coordinate market labor and household labor, who does the housework, or how people balance commitments between work and family. Most studies show that job demands have important impacts on families and individuals and that, despite substantial shifts in

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Section: Attitudes Toward Gender Rolesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gender and the Division of Labor

Coltrane

Shih

2009

Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology

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“…Artis & Pavalko (2003) found that despite growing numbers of households with dual earners and the common practice of pooling income to support a chosen lifestyle, women are still more likely to do the majority of housekeeping tasks, including being the primary carer of any children.…”

Section: Owning the Choice To Be Childlessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's experiential journey toward voluntary childlessness: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Shaw

2010

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Voluntary childlessness is a relatively novel yet growing phenomenon. It has implications on fertility rates, our ageing society, health and social care, and economic growth. This idiographic study explored three women's experiential journeys toward voluntary childlessness to help understand this phenomenon and its impact on contemporary society. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes identified were: the legacy of feminism, models of mothering, and owning the choice to be childless. Despite defining 'voluntary childlessness' as an unequivocal decision, the women's experiential accounts revealed an intrinsic complexity in their journeys toward childlessness. Factors including beliefs in equality, independence and career aspirations competed with constructs of mothering/motherhood, partnership and choice to create a complex tapestry of contributory factors in these women's childlessness. The findings question the notion of choice and particularly women's ownership of that choice. The journeys toward childlessness that these women shared reveal a synthesis of agentic decision-making, personal histories and challenging lifestyle choices bound up within an existential need to be a woman. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of voluntary childlessness within society's notion of family, its care systems, and its impact on future generations.

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“…Ces idéologies peuvent être traditionnelles ou égalitaires (Taylor et al, 2015 : 14-15). Plusieurs recherches tendent à démontrer que l'idéologie genrée contribue à façonner la division du travail domestique (Artis et Pavalko, 2003 ;Cunningham, 2007). Une étude à grande échelle menée aux États-Unis (Brines, 1994) montre par exemple que les hommes traditionnels se trouvant dans une situation de dépendance économique par rapport à leur conjointe ont tendance à réparer cette transgression des rôles de genre en s'engageant moins dans les tâches domestiques.…”

Section: Enfances Familles Générations 26 | 2017unclassified

Les nouvelles masculinités en Suisse : une approche par l’idéologie de genre et la répartition du travail rémunéré et non rémunéré au sein des couples

Salah

Wernli

Henchoz

2017

efg

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Cadre de la recherche : Dans les sociétés occidentales postmodernes, des hommes adoptent désormais des comportements traditionnellement étiquetés comme féminins, notamment dans la répartition des rôles autour de l’enfant. En Suisse, l’investissement concret des hommes est toutefois caractérisé, globalement et en comparaison des femmes, par une implication moindre dans les tâches domestiques et familiales, qui diminue encore après la naissance d’un enfant. Objectifs : Partant de ce constat, cet article explore le rapport entre l’idéologie genrée et l’engagement des hommes et des pères dans ce domaine. Méthodologie : À l’aide de modèles statistiques multivariés, notre analyse tente de déterminer si les attitudes envers la vie familiale et l’égalité ont une influence sur l’implication domestique et familiale des hommes. Nous mobilisons pour cela plus de 25 000 entretiens téléphoniques effectués entre 2000 et 2011 dans le cadre du Panel suisse de ménages (PSM). Résultats : Les résultats font ressortir quatre formes de masculinité. « L’homme professionnel » construit sa masculinité essentiellement dans l’investissement professionnel sur le marché du travail et financier au sein du ménage. « L’homme orthodoxe » reste le pourvoyeur principal des revenus, sans pour autant dédaigner les tâches ménagères. Néanmoins, il s’occupe surtout de celles qui sont socialement définies comme étant masculines. « Le traditionnel gestionnaire » a un profil similaire, si ce n’est qu’il prend également en charge des tâches dites négociables, les tâches administratives du ménage. « L’homme inclusif » est celui qui partage le plus le temps de travail rémunéré et non rémunéré avec sa compagne. Conclusions : En définitive, ces différents profils s’expliquent moins par la mise en pratique d’une idéologie de genre que par des facteurs institutionnels ou pragmatiques comme le capital économique et humain à disposition des partenaires. Contribution : En proposant une typologie de l’implication dans le travail non rémunéré d’hommes en Suisse et en examinant de manière empirique plusieurs explications des différences constatées, cet article apporte une contribution originale à la connaissance des masculinités en contexte familial.

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Explaining the Decline in Women's Household Labor: Individual Change and Cohort Differences

Cited by 107 publications

References 46 publications

Gender and the Division of Labor

Gender and the Division of Labor

Women's experiential journey toward voluntary childlessness: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Les nouvelles masculinités en Suisse : une approche par l’idéologie de genre et la répartition du travail rémunéré et non rémunéré au sein des couples

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