Explaining trans-phase potential differences with membrane theory, association-induction hypothesis and murburn concept

Abstract

The characteristics of the experimentally measured trans-membrane potential (TMP) generated across an artificial membrane intervening two KCl solutions were found to be explicable using simple principles of electrochemistry, as given within the context of Association Induction Hypothesis (AIH). AIH suggests that the heterogeneous ion distribution which is caused by the adsorption of a mobile ion onto an immobile phase (bearing charge opposite to that of the mobile ion) is responsible for the TMP generation. Therefore, this work proposes AIH could be an important foundation for explaining the origin of TMP. Our experimental observation of nonzero TMP across an electrically charged non-biological/synthetic membrane is found to be intriguing, as such outcomes are classically associated to ion-pumping activities of membrane proteins in a living matter. Another experimental observation of nonzero potential across a neutral membrane is even more intriguing. Such a potential behavior is more in harmony with murburn concept, a new proposal for explaining redox metabolic and physiological phenomena.

Murburn precepts for lactic‐acidosis, Cori cycle, and Warburg effect: Interactive dynamics of dehydrogenases, protons, and oxygen

“…So, the role of oxygen in the overall dynamics needs to be explored. LDH, lactate dehydrogenase homeostasis and trans-membrane potential dynamics Tamagawa et al, 2021). The thermodynamically, kinetically, mechanistically and probabilistically viable physico-chemical logic of murburn concept overwhelms the "aesthetics" stigma that "DROS are agents of chaos" (Jacob & Manoj, 2019).…”

“…Hence, the perceptions that: (i) BETs/BMTs occur purely through protein–protein affinity interactions & (ii) redox enzyme mediated moiety—transfers occurred purely via a Michaelis–Menten type enzyme‐substrate complex formation at a unique active site—have been superseded by the larger purview of murburn concept (Gideon et al, 2020, 2021; Manoj, 2018b; Manoj et al, 2016b; Manoj, 2020a, 2020b). Murburn models of reaction chemistry have been proposed for liver microsomal drug metabolism (Manoj et al, 2016c; Parashar & Manoj, 2021; Venkatachalam et al, 2016), aerobic respiration or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos) (Manoj et al, 2019a, 2019b; Manoj et al, 2020a; Manoj & Bazhin, 2021), oxygenic photosynthesis or photophosphorylation (Manoj et al, 2020b; Gideon et al, 2020; Manoj & Manekkathodi, 2021; Manoj et al, 2021a‐c), hormetic/idiosyncratic dose responses (Parashar et al, 2018), photoreception (Manoj & Jacob, 2020), thermogenesis (Manoj et al, 2018), redox/ionic homeostasis and trans‐membrane potential dynamics (Manoj & Bazhin, 2021; Manoj & Tamagawa, 2021; Manoj et al, 2021; Tamagawa et al, 2021). The thermodynamically, kinetically, mechanistically and probabilistically viable physico‐chemical logic of murburn concept overwhelms the “aesthetics” stigma that “ DROS are agents of chaos ” (Jacob & Manoj, 2019).…”

Critical analysis of explanations for cellular homeostasis and electrophysiology from murburn perspective

“…In the context of electrophysiology, murburn concept presents a new modality to understand ionic differentials and the origin/dynamics of TMP (Manoj et al, 2021b). A part of the prediction based on murburn concept has been experimentally ratified (Tamagawa et al, 2021). The new purview also provided fresh structure–function correlations with respect to the signal transduction process and retinal architecture in vision/photoreception (Manoj & Jacob, 2020).…”

“…The ion sorption phenomenon is not taken into consideration in the membrane theory at all, although it is undoubtedly an established phenomenon (coming under the purview of the law of mass action), known to occur in both living and nonliving systems. In simple experimental systems, it is possible to predict trans‐phase/membrane potentials using the ion‐adsorption concept (Tamagawa et al, 2021). Most intracellular milieus have a higher concentration of potassium ions in comparison to sodium ions.…”

Murburn precepts for redox dynamics in glycolysis, Cori cycle and Warburg effect: Is lactate dehydrogenase a murzyme?

“…Hence, the perceptions that: (i) BETs/BMTs occur purely through proteinprotein affinity interactions & (ii) redox enzyme mediated moiety-transfers occurred purely via a Michaelis-Menten type enzyme-substrate complex formation at a unique active site-have been superseded by the larger purview of murburn concept (Manoj et al, 2016a,b;Manoj, 2018b;Manoj, 2020a,b;Gideon et al, 2020Gideon et al, , 2021. Murburn models of reaction chemistry have been proposed for microsomal drug metabolism (Venkatachalam et al, 2016;Manoj et al, 2016c;, aerobic respiration or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos) (Manoj et al, 2019a,b;Manoj et al, 2020a;, oxygenic photosynthesis or photophosphorylation (PhotoPhos) (Manoj et al, 2020b;Manoj & Manekkathodi, 2021;Manoj et al, 2021a,b), hormetic/idiosyncratic dose responses (Parashar et al, 2018), photoreception , thermogenesis , redox/ionic homeostasis and trans-membrane potential dynamics Tamagawa et al, 2021). The thermodynamically, kinetically, mechanistically and probabilistically viable physico-chemical logic of murburn concept overwhelms the 'aesthetics' stigma that 'DROS are agents of chaos' (Jacob & Manoj, 2019).…”