Explaining voter turnout: A review of aggregate-level research

Arts of the states in crisis–Revisiting determinants of state-level appropriations to arts agencies

“…More active electorates, perhaps in recent battleground states and those experiencing more campaign expenditures (Geys 2006), tend to reduce state SAA appropriations. (2007) with the most comparable fixed effects from Model 2 in Table 4 gives an indication of how state-level SAA "friendliness" looks different from the post-Great Recession vantage.…”

Social Inequality in Political Participation: The Dark Sides of Individualisation

“…They do not take into account other time-specific and time-invariant yet countryspecific determinants of electoral participation (for an overview see Geys 2006). For example, past research has demonstrated that the level of voting depends on the size of population, the electoral laws and other political institutions of a nation, the closeness of an election (Powell 1980(Powell , 1986, the habit of voting, which reflects the political socialisation of generations at various points in time in the history of a democracy (Franklin 2004), the type of party composition (Anderson and Beramendi 2008), or even on the genetic composition of a national electorate (Fowler 2006;Fowler and Dawes 2008).…”

The Contraction Effect: How Proportional Representation Affects Mobilization and Turnout

“…The verdict has been characterized in widely different ways, with some (e.g., Selb, 2009, p. 527) insisting that "evidence that turnout is higher under proportional representation (PR) than in majoritarian elections is overwhelming," and others (e.g., Herrera, Morelli and Palfrey, 2014, p. 4) opining that the empirical results are "rather mixed." In a meta-analysis of 14 studies, Geys (2006) reports that 70% of the estimated correlations between proportionality and turnout are significantly positive.…”