“…Similar to research on gender differences in juvenile court outcomes, studies on race differences have also focused on various decision-making stages (Bishop, Leiber, & Johnson, 2010;Guevara, Boyd, Taylor, & Brown, 2011;Rodriguez, 2010;Steen, Bond, Bridges, & Kubrin, 2005). Results continue to demonstrate racial bias in court outcomes in that legal and extralegal factors alone are unable to account for race differences in involvement in the juvenile justice system (Bishop, 2005;Mallett, Stoddard-Dare, & Seck, 2011;Pope & Feyerherm, 1993). This finding highlights a process of cumulative disadvantage that minority youth encounter compared to Whites, where racial disparities at earlier stages lead to more harsh outcomes at the back end of the juvenile justice system (Fagan, 2010;Guevara et al, 2006).…”