Explicit and implicit effects of anti-marijuana and anti-tobacco TV advertisements

Czyzewska, Maria; Ginsburg, Harvey J.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.025

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with some prior research suggesting that automatic evaluations as measured by the IAT can sometimes change in response to advertisements (Czyzewska & Ginsburg, 2007;Maio et al, 2009;Park, Felix, & Lee, 2007) and other treatments involving verbal information (e.g., Petty et al, 2006;Teachman & Woody, 2003; see Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006, for a review). Although this research demonstrates that automatic evaluations can be influenced by traditional persuasive messages, it is unclear what the psychological processes were underlying the obtained effects, and whether those changes were consequential.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Consumer persuasion: Indirect change and implicit balance

Horcajo

Briñol

Petty

2010

Psychology and Marketing

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The present research examines two main issues relevant to consumer persuasion: (1) whether automatic evaluations can change (both directly and indirectly) in response to verbal ads that engage deliberative information processing activity, and (2) whether such messages can result in spreading activation of implicit change that is consistent with balance principles. The first study showed that automatic evaluations of vegetables were more favorable after people read a health ad than a control message. The results of Study 2 showed that automatic associations toward Heineken (a brand associated with the color green) were also more favorable as a result of processing a message advocating the color green than a neutral control message. Consistent with the idea that automatic changes can be consequential not only for brands but also for consumer identity, participants of Study 3 showed more automatic self-vegetable associations after thinking about the benefits (rather than the negative consequences) of consuming vegetables. A final study revealed that false feedback increasing (vs. decreasing) self-product identity led to more favorable automatic attitudes toward the product, but only for those with relatively high scores on the implicit measure of selfesteem. Taken together, this series of studies suggests that automatic changes that result from consumer persuasion are consequential in terms of spreading activation and that they seem to respond to balance principles.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Consumer persuasion: Indirect change and implicit balance

Horcajo

Briñol

Petty

2010

Psychology and Marketing

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“…Sample sizes ranged from 28 to 3608 (median: 284, IQR: 47–80). Three RCTs exposed individuals to marijuana-specific anti-illicit-drug PSAs,18 20 23 and four RCTs exposed individuals to a variety of anti-illicit-drug PSAs 16 19 21 22. Two RCTs reported positive effects of anti-illicit-drug PSAs corresponding to a −0.01 reduction in intention to use illicit drugs on a 1–7 scale of intention, and to a 0.06 increase in intention to call a drug-abuse hotline on a 1–5 scale of intention 16 18.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrated no significant benefit, and no studies reported any long-term effectiveness of these interventions. Importantly, most RCT and observational studies reported non-significant results, and three RCTs and one observational study found that anti-illicit-drug PSAs may have negative effects on anti-illicit-drug-use norms among targeted populations 4 19 20 22…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of anti-illicit-drug public-service announcements: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Werb

Mills

DeBeck

et al. 2011

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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“…If they are faster on average to respond to the first trial than the second, it is assumed that the individual must prefer chocolate ice cream to brussel sprouts. This method is sensitive to subtle differences between the two target categories, and it has been used extensively in research on health-related behaviours [20,27] and discrimination [18].…”

Section: The Implicit Association Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

What I say isn’t always what I do: Investigating differences in children’s reported and actual snack food preferences

Jones

Kervin

Reis

et al. 2012

Int. J. Child Health Nutr.

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The current study sought to explore discrepancies between children's stated snack food motivations and actual food choices, using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of implicit attitudes towards 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' foods. Participants were children aged 6-12 years (n=118), from two primary schools on the South Coast of NSW, Australia -a public school in a semi-rural suburb south of a sea-side city and a public school in a largely residential northern suburb of the same city. The children completed a questionnaire about motivations for snack choices, participated in an activity, completed two further questionnaires, selected snack foods from an in-class store, and participated in two rounds of an IAT 'game' pairing pictures of snack foods with positive and negative words. As hypothesized, the majority of children reported 'healthiness' as their primary motivator for snack food choice, but when faced with an actual purchase decision predominantly chose unhealthy snacks. It appears that children may have internalized the 'moral' values attributed to healthy and unhealthy foods and that this process influences both their explicit and implicit attitudes. However, their actual food choices are likely to be influenced by other factors, and thus more complex to understand and influence.Keywords investigating, food, differences, actual, children, reported, preferences, snack, i, say, isn, t, always, do Abstract: The current study sought to explore discrepancies between children's stated snack food motivations and actual food choices, using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of implicit attitudes towards 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' foods. Participants were children aged 6-12 years (n=118), from two primary schools on the South Coast of NSW, Australia -a public school in a semi-rural suburb south of a sea-side city and a public school in a largely residential northern suburb of the same city. The children completed a questionnaire about motivations for snack choices, participated in an activity, completed two further questionnaires, selected snack foods from an in-class store, and participated in two rounds of an IAT 'game' pairing pictures of snack foods with positive and negative words. As hypothesized, the majority of children reported 'healthiness' as their primary motivator for snack food choice, but when faced with an actual purchase decision predominantly chose unhealthy snacks. It appears that children may have internalized the 'moral' values attributed to healthy and unhealthy foods and that this process influences both their explicit and implicit attitudes. However, their actual food choices are likely to be influenced by other factors, and thus more complex to understand and influence.

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Explicit and implicit effects of anti-marijuana and anti-tobacco TV advertisements

Cited by 43 publications

References 41 publications

Consumer persuasion: Indirect change and implicit balance

Consumer persuasion: Indirect change and implicit balance

The effectiveness of anti-illicit-drug public-service announcements: a systematic review and meta-analysis

What I say isn’t always what I do: Investigating differences in children’s reported and actual snack food preferences

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