Explicit and implicit memory during sleep

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to indicate the changes in the implicit and explicit memory under awake and sleep conditions by using a battery that can measure different subsections of memory. 24 healthy individuals participated in this study. Modified versions of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Modified Word Stem Completion Test were applied to the study and control groups within the scope of Modified Multiple Block Design (MMBD). While the control group did not listen to any words during sleep, the study group listened to the list of selected words. The originality of this research is the generated meaningless words given during sleep by using Mongolian language. While asking the words taught before sleep, both groups had a similar rate for remembering after sleep. The study group that was given the words during sleep had relatively higher scores for correct completions than the control group that was not given any words during sleep. The difference in correct completions of meaningless words in the Mongolian language was found to be statistically significant in the evaluation of the implicit memory. Also, there was a significant difference between the study and control groups for the implicit memory. There is a positive effect on implicit memory processes during sleep. Thus, learning can occur during sleep. Moreover, the generated MMBD enabled evaluation of both the implicit and explicit memory and also MMBD can also be useful for various consciousness states.

Just Do It: A Neuropsychological Theory of Agency, Cognition, Mood, and Dopamine

“…A variety of other studies have reported similar results (e.g., Deeprose & Andrade, 2006;Flouda et al, 2013;Quan et al, 2013). In addition, learning-related effects of perceptual priming appear to also be intact during sleep (Oniz et al, 2015). On the other hand, some studies have failed to find any learning-related priming effects during anesthesia (e.g., Bejjani et al, 2009).…”

Primed Tactile Stimulus Processing during Sleep

“…It has been shown that external stimuli applied during sleep have different effects, and even some cognitive processes occur during sleep [1][2][3]. In addition, it is known that cognitive processes such as memory are also positively affected by sleep and have an important role in consolidation [4][5][6][7][8].…”