Explicit and implicit memory for music in healthy older adults and patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease

Deason, Rebecca G.; Strong, Jessica; Tat, Michael J.; Simmons-Stern, Nicholas R.; Budson, Andrew E.

doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1510904

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Besides massive episodic memory deficits, our results indicate that learning is still possible, and resilient in AD at a moderate to severe stage, as revealed through the modification of the sense of familiarity towards items. This learning seems to be modulated by the nature of the information: stronger for visual information (paintings), and auditory information (music), but weaker for verbal information (verses), which fits with the literature on learning in the early stages of AD [8,24,[35][36][37]. However, the fact that we deliberately chose to change the voices between the exposure sessions and the test session may explain the low scores regarding verses and suggest that SoF is mainly sustained by the encoding of perceptual characteristics of the exposed stimuli.…”

Section: Discussion For Studysupporting

confidence: 85%

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New Long-Term Encoding in Severely Amnesic Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Revealed Through Repeated Exposure to Artistic Items

Coppalle

Mauger

Quernet³

et al. 2020

JAD

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Background: Encoding of new information is considered to be impossible in people with Alzheimer's disease (PWAD) at a moderate to severe stage. However, a few case studies reported new learning under special circumstances, especially with music. Objective: This article aims at clarifying PWAD's learning capacities toward unknown material under more ecological settings, which is repeated exposure without encoding instruction. Methods: Twenty-three PWAD (Age: m = 84.6(5.2), 5 ≤ MMSE ≤ 19) underwent presentations of unknown artistic pieces (targets) through 8 daily individual sessions. These sessions were followed by a test session, during which their knowledge of the targets was assessed through a verbal and behavioral scale (the sense of familiarity scale) against a series of unknown items (distractors). Results: Through this design, we were able to objectify encoding of three types of targets (verses, paintings, and music) against distractors the day after exposure sessions, and 2 months after the last presentation (study 1). Music and paintings were eventually well-encoded by most participants, whereas poems encoding was poorer. When compared to distractors, target items were significantly better recognized. We then compared the recognition of target paintings against two types of painting distractors, either perceptually or semantically related (study 2). The targets were better recognized than all three painting distractors, even when they were very close to the targets. Conclusion: Despite massive anterograde amnesia, our results clearly showed that recognition-based learning without conscious memory of the encoding context is preserved in PWAD at a severe stage, revealed through an increasing sense of familiarity following repeated exposure. These findings could open new perspective both for researchers and clinicians and improve the way we understand and care for PWAD living in healthcare facilities.

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Section: Discussion For Studysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…They found that the mere exposure effect was still normal, whereas recognition was impaired. These findings were confirmed more recently by Deason et al [8] using newly-exposed music pieces. In this study, familiarity, recognition, and preference were measured for novel songs through three presentations of the items.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

New Long-Term Encoding in Severely Amnesic Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Revealed Through Repeated Exposure to Artistic Items

Coppalle

Mauger

Quernet³

et al. 2020

JAD

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop clinical trials that promote standardized protocols based on the stage of the disease, or the biopsychosocial skills that need to be worked on through music therapy [11], and that can be applied as a complementary tool. This can enable caregivers of patients diagnosed with AD to cope with symptoms of the disease, such as memory impairment, which interferes with their quality of life [28].…”

Section: -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music Stimulation as a Method of Optimizing Autobiographical Memory in Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, with memory being the most affected. Several studies have shown the benefits of music as a complementary treatment for dementia, improving patients’ quality of life. A scientific contribution is needed to show how autobiographic memory could be improved by using musical activities. Objective: The aim of this investigation is to analyze the impact of a musical stimulation protocol on the performance of autobiographical memory in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer’s. Participants and Method: This research was conducted with three patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease: two females (66.7%), and one male (33.3%). One (33.3%) was in the early stages, and two were in the middle stages. This investigation used a quantitative, pre-experimental, longitudinal study with the application of two tests before and after the intervention. Findings: Changes in the performance of autobiographical memory (t=-5.79, p=0.002), and in the semantic component (t=-10.14, p=0.01) were found to be statistically significant, but no changes were evident for episodic memory (t=-0.19, p=0.86). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential effectiveness of using a music protocol to improve the performance of autobiographical memory in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01304 Full Text: PDF

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“…Anosognosia, a form of metacognitive deficit, may vary in time of onset, but tends to worsen as AD progresses ( Geurten et al, 2021 ). Studies have demonstrated preserved implicit metacognition in persons with AD (e.g., Golby et al, 2005 ; Sabat, 2006 ; Deason et al, 2019 ; Geurten et al, 2021 ), although explicit metacognition becomes increasingly impaired. The relevant distinction, in this regard, is the ability to explicitly consciously recall or recognize, as opposed to implicitly coding and retrieving without conscious awareness, as evidenced by a change in behavior or performance as result of previous experience or exposure ( Sabat, 2006 ).…”

Section: Consciousness In Alzheimer’s Disease: Preserved Cognitions Emotions and Subjective Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved Consciousness in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias: Caregiver Awareness and Communication Strategies

Warren

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Alzheimer’s disease is an insidious onset neurodegenerative syndrome without effective treatment or cure. It is rapidly becoming a global health crisis that is overwhelming healthcare, society, and individuals. The clinical nature of neurocognitive decline creates significant challenges in bidirectional communication between caregivers and persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that can negatively impact quality-of-life. This paper sought to understand how and to what extent would awareness training about the levels of consciousness in AD influence the quality-of-life interactions in the caregiver-patient dyad. A literature review of multiple databases was conducted utilizing a transdisciplinary approach. The sum of findings indicates a positive relationship between enhanced caregiver awareness and training, positive interactions, and improved QOL measures among patients and caregivers. A multidirectional relationship was found among healthcare policies, training and education resources, caregivers, and persons with AD. Specifically, the current lack of policy and inadequate training and educational resources has various detrimental effects on patients and caregivers, while improvements in training and education of caregivers yields positive outcomes in communication and QOL. Furthermore, evidence of preserved consciousness in persons with AD was demonstrated from multiple disciplines, including neurobiological, psychological, and biopsychosocial models. The literature further revealed several methods to access the preserved consciousness in persons with AD and related dementias, including sensory, emotional, and cognitive stimulations. The evidence from the literature suggests a reframed approach to our understanding and treatment of persons with AD is not only warranted, but crucial to address the needs of those affected by AD.

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Explicit and implicit memory for music in healthy older adults and patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 86 publications

New Long-Term Encoding in Severely Amnesic Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Revealed Through Repeated Exposure to Artistic Items

New Long-Term Encoding in Severely Amnesic Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Revealed Through Repeated Exposure to Artistic Items

Music Stimulation as a Method of Optimizing Autobiographical Memory in Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease

Preserved Consciousness in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias: Caregiver Awareness and Communication Strategies

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