Explicit and Implicit Positive Alcohol Expectancies in Problem and Non-Problem Drinkers: Differences Across Age Groups from Young Adolescence to Adulthood

Vilenne, Aurélie; Quertemont, Étienne

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01773

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For instance, some studies suggest that drinkers' implicit associations between alcohol and approach motivational states on a GNAT (Kreusch et al 2013) and alcohol and arousal/excitement on an IAT (e.g., Houben & Wiers 2009) are meaningfully tied to drinking outcomes. In contrast, other studies failed to find the anticipated implicit associations between alcohol + approach and alcohol + arousal on IATs (e.g., Vilenne & Quertemont 2015). These discrepancies may be due to differences in populations (e.g., heavy drinkers versus nonheavy drinkers) or the presence of advertising in visual stimuli (see Kreusch et al 2013).…”

Section: Alcohol Use Disorder: Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Multiple reviews (Roefs et al 2011, Stacy & Wiers 2010 have also noted that implicit positive alcohol associations on an IAT, but not negative alcohol associations, predict actual alcohol consumption over and above explicit measures (although see Dickson et al 2013, Vilenne & Quertemont 2015. This may be because negative alcohol associations reflect societal norms, whereas positive alcohol associations reflect more personal alcohol beliefs and tendencies (see Stacy & Wiers 2010).…”

Section: Alcohol Use Disorder: Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit Cognition and Psychopathology: Looking Back and Looking Forward

Teachman

Clerkin

Cunningham

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

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Implicit cognitive processing is theorized to have a central role in many forms of psychopathology. In the current review, we focus on implicit associations, by which we mean evaluative representations in memory that are difficult to control and do not require conscious reflection to influence affect, cognition, or behavior. We consider definitional and measurement challenges before examining recent empirical evidence for these associations in anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, posttraumatic stress, depressive, and alcohol use disorders. This examination is framed by a brief review of the ways that prominent models of psychopathology represent biased implicit processing of disorder-relevant information. We consider to what extent models reflect more traditional automatic/implicit versus strategic/explicit dual-process perspectives or reflect more recent dynamical systems perspectives in which mental representations are iteratively reprocessed, evolving continuously. Finally, we consider the future research needed to better understand the interactive and temporal dynamics of implicit cognition in psychopathology.

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Section: Alcohol Use Disorder: Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Alcohol Use Disorder: Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Cognition and Psychopathology: Looking Back and Looking Forward

Teachman

Clerkin

Cunningham

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

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“…Individuals who experience positive effects of alcohol in the laboratory reported heavier drinking patterns and lower negative alcohol expectancies (Stangl et al, 2016). Problem drinkers demonstrated significantly higher positive alcohol expectancies than non-problem drinkers on all AEQ subscales (Vilenne and Quertemont, 2015). Further, delivery of messages that challenge positive alcohol expectancy reduced alcohol consumptions (Dunn et al, 2000, Wiers and Kummeling, 2004) and changes in alcohol expectancy predicted treatment outcome in dependent individuals undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy (Young et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the interacting roles of impulsivity and positive alcohol expectancy in problem drinking: A structural brain imaging study

Ide

Zhornitsky

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Alcohol expectancy and impulsivity are implicated in alcohol misuse. However, how these two risk factors interact to determine problem drinking and whether men and women differ in these risk processes remain unclear. In 158 social drinkers (86 women) assessed for Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), positive alcohol expectancy, and Barratt impulsivity, we examined sex differences in these risk processes. Further, with structural brain imaging, we examined the neural bases underlying the relationship between these risk factors and problem drinking. The results of general linear modeling showed that alcohol expectancy best predicted problem drinking in women, whereas in men as well as in the combined group alcohol expectancy and impulsivity interacted to best predict problem drinking. Alcohol expectancy was associated with decreased gray matter volume (GMV) of the right posterior insula in women and the interaction of alcohol expectancy and impulsivity was associated with decreased GMV of the left thalamus in women and men combined and in men alone, albeit less significantly. These risk factors mediated the correlation between GMV and problem drinking. Conversely, models where GMV resulted from problem drinking were not supported. These new findings reveal distinct psychological factors that dispose men and women to problem drinking. Although mediation analyses did not determine a causal link, GMV reduction in the insula and thalamus may represent neural phenotype of these risk processes rather than the consequence of alcohol consumption in non-dependent social drinkers. The results add to the alcohol imaging literature which has largely focused on dependent individuals and help elucidate alterations in brain structures that may contribute to the transition from social to habitual drinking.

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“…On the whole, these findings implicate early to mid-adolescence as a period of heightened sensitivity to the stimulatory effects of alcohol. Such elevations in alcohol stimulation during adolescence may be in part related to the heightened novelty-seeking and elevations in risk-taking evident at this time (Geier, 2013), with the novelty, risks, and excitement associated with drinking perhaps contributing to greater positive expectancies (Vilenne and Quertemont, 2015) and greater stimulatory responses to alcohol at this age. This heightened sensitivity to alcohol’s stimulatory effects, paired with adolescents’ underdeveloped neurocognitive ability to adaptively problem-solve and inhibit potentially harmful behavior, appears to confer risk for addiction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective alcohol responses in a cross-sectional, field-based study of adolescents and young adults: Effects of age, drinking level, and dependence/consequences

Treloar

Celio

Lisman

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Adolescents are physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally different than adults in ways that may partially explain why alcohol misuse typically develops during this period. Ample animal-science evidence and nascent ecological evidence points toward developmentally limited differences in sensitivity to alcohol’s stimulatory and sedative effects. Field-based research methods were used to test for such age-related differences in a sample of adolescents through young adults. Potential moderating influences of estimated blood alcohol content (eBAC), as well as typical consumption and level of dependence/consequences were explored. Methods Subjective alcohol responses were collected from 1,364 participants, aged 17 to 32 years, recruited outside of venues where drinking takes place in a small metropolitan bar district. Results Self-reports of stimulatory response to alcohol were age-related, such that younger participants reported increased subjective stimulation at the time of data collection relative to older participants. Age-related differences in stimulatory responses were more pronounced at lower eBACs and among younger participants who typically drank more heavily. Stimulatory responses generally diminished among older than younger participants, although individuals with greater dependence/consequences consistently reported greater stimulation from drinking. Contrastingly, age, typical consumption, and dependence/consequences were not related to sedation in this sample. Conclusions This research provides cross-sectional evidence to support age-, consumption-, and dependence/consequences-related differences in stimulatory alcohol responses among adolescents and young adults assessed within a bar-area context. While cross-sectional, the results of this field-based study provide support for the theory that addiction liability is developmentally linked and associated, in part, with age-related differences in subjective alcohol responses.

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Explicit and Implicit Positive Alcohol Expectancies in Problem and Non-Problem Drinkers: Differences Across Age Groups from Young Adolescence to Adulthood

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Implicit Cognition and Psychopathology: Looking Back and Looking Forward

Implicit Cognition and Psychopathology: Looking Back and Looking Forward

Sex differences in the interacting roles of impulsivity and positive alcohol expectancy in problem drinking: A structural brain imaging study

Subjective alcohol responses in a cross-sectional, field-based study of adolescents and young adults: Effects of age, drinking level, and dependence/consequences

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