Explicit and Incidental Facial Expression Processing: An fMRI Study

Gorno‐Tempini, Maria Luisa; Pradelli, Samantha; Serafini, Marco; Pagnoni, Giuseppe; Baraldi, Patrizia; Porro, Carlo Adolfo; Nicoletti, Roberto; Umità, Carlo; Nichelli, Paolo Frigio

doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0811

Cited by 272 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…On the functional level, the insula was found to be involved in the anticipation of electric shocks (Chua et al, 1999), noxious thermal stimuli (Ploghaus et al, 1999), fear indicating stimuli together with the amygdala (Phelps et al, 2001), and of aversive pictures (Simmons et al, 2004). Furthermore, the insula was found to be involved in differential positive versus negative emotion processing , particularly in fearful face processing , in pain perception (Peyron et al, 2000), in judgments about emotions (Gorno-Tempini et al, 2001), and, particularly the right anterior insula, in emotional states such as anger, disgust, sexual arousal, and subjective feeling of trustworthiness (Phillips et al, 1997;Stoleru et al, 1999;Winston et al, 2002). Accordingly, initial reports of the insula as being associated with disgust (Phillips et al, 1997) were modified towards concepts attributing a more general role in emotion processing (Paulus et al, 2005).…”

Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Revealed Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

et al. 2007

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Since we do not know what future holds for us, we prepare for expected emotional events in order to deal with a pleasant or threatening environment. From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense to be particularly prepared for the worst-case scenario. We were interested to evaluate whether this assumption is reflected in the central nervous information processing associated with expecting visual stimuli of unknown emotional valence. While being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging, healthy subjects were cued to expect and then perceive visual stimuli with a known emotional valence as pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral, as well as stimuli of unknown valence that could have been either pleasant or unpleasant. While anticipating pictures of unknown valence, the activity of emotion processing brain areas was similar to activity associated with expecting unpleasant pictures, but there were no areas in which the activity was similar to the activity when expecting pleasant pictures. The activity of the revealed regions, including bilateral insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, medial thalamus, and red nucleus, further correlated with the individual ratings of mood: the worse the mood, the higher the activity. These areas are supposedly involved in a network for internal adaptation and preparation processes in order to act according to potential or certain unpleasant events. Their activity appears to reflect a 'pessimistic' bias by anticipating the events of unknown valence to be unpleasant.

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Section: Anatomical and Functional Features Of The Revealed Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

et al. 2007

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“…However, because intent to reduce distress is not explicit, affect labeling has been conceptualized as an incidental emotion regulation strategy (Burklund, Creswell, Irwin, & Lieberman, 2014), which differs from intentional strategies such as cognitive restructuring or emotional suppression. A number of neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that labeling one's emotional experience activates areas of the PFC, and reduces activation in the amygdala (Gorno-Tempini et al, 2001;Hariri, Bookheimer, & Mazziotta, 2000;Hariri, Mattay, Tessitore, Fera, & Weinberger, 2003;Narumoto et al, 2000). The right ventrolateral PFC is consistently activated during affect labeling (Cunningham, Johnson, Chris, Gore, & Banaji, 2003;Lieberman et al, 2007;Narumoto et al, 2000), and it is presumed that this region downregulates amygdala activation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety

Niles

Craske

Lieberman

et al. 2015

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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a b s t r a c tExposure is an effective treatment for anxiety but many patients do not respond fully. Affect labeling (labeling emotional experience) attenuates emotional responding. The current project examined whether affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness in participants with public speaking anxiety. Participants were randomized to exposure with or without affect labeling. Physiological arousal and selfreported fear were assessed before and after exposure and compared between groups. Consistent with hypotheses, participants assigned to Affect Labeling, especially those who used more labels during exposure, showed greater reduction in physiological activation than Control participants. No effect was found for self-report measures. Also, greater emotion regulation deficits at baseline predicted more benefit in physiological arousal from exposure combined with affect labeling than exposure alone. The current research provides evidence that behavioral strategies that target prefrontal-amygdala circuitry can improve treatment effectiveness for anxiety and these effects are particularly pronounced for patients with the greatest deficits in emotion regulation.

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“…In other words, the present study measured brain activity related to perception of happy faces without an evaluation of facial expression. On the other hand, in the previous studies, Gorno-Tempini et al (2001) had participants evaluate a facial expression of a stimulus or to judge the gender of a stimulus which would require at least some evaluation of facial expression, and Tsukiura and Cabeza (2008) required participants to rate facial expression during face-name association. It is possible that those studies may elucidate neural correlates of higherorder recognition of happy faces supported by the OFC, while our results may show lower-order recognition by the NAcc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amygdala did not activate in the current study using happy masks. Considering the previous finding that the OFC is closely related to the process of happy faces, we also created the bilateral OFC ROIs (4 mm radius) based on the coordinates provided by Gorno-Tempini et al (2001). Specific coordinates are indicated below: the right OFC (36, 28, -24) and the left OFC (-40, 28, -20).…”

Section: Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was supported by JSPS grant#22220003 to NO. orbitofrontal cortex, raising the possibility that a smiley/laughing face serves as social reward (Gorno-Tempini et al, 2001;Tsukiura & Cabeza, 2008). Considering those studies, it is plausible to hypothesize that activation of the Nacc elevates in response to the happy facial expression as a social reward.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Happiness Associated With Noh-Masks Modulates the Mesolimbic Reward System: An Fmri Study Based on Neuroaesthetics

Osaka

Minamoto

2011

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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We report a brain imaging study with fMRI in which participants were scanned while watching Noh masks with face expressions rated as happy. Among seventy standard masks previously rated by the participants, we selected the six happiest masks and six neutral masks to explore the neural correlates of happiness associated with Noh masks. Results based on region of interest (ROI) analysis indicated activations of nucleus accumbens (Nacc) while viewing happy masks. We suggest that as the Nacc activation increased, happiness tended to increase possibly due to enhanced dopaminergic activity in the Nacc associated with the reward by observing smiling masks.

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Explicit and Incidental Facial Expression Processing: An fMRI Study

Cited by 272 publications

References 38 publications

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

Neural correlates of a ‘pessimistic’ attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence

Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety

Happiness Associated With Noh-Masks Modulates the Mesolimbic Reward System: An Fmri Study Based on Neuroaesthetics

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